He maha ngā momo pūkaha wai. I tēnei rā, me whakaatu taipitopito te pūkaha wai rere-axial. Ko te whakamahinga o te pūkaha wai rere-axial i ngā tau tata nei ko te whanaketanga o te upoko wai teitei me te rahi nui. He tere hoki te whanaketanga o ngā tāpine rere-axial ā-whare. E rua ngā momo tāpine hoe rere-axial kua tāutahia ki te teihana hiko wai o Gezhouba kua hangaia, ko tētahi o ēnei he 11.3m te whānui o te oma, koinei te whānui o te oma o ngā tāpine rite o te ao. Anei ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te tāpine rere-axial waenga.
Ngā painga o te tāpine rere axial
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tāpine Francis, ko ngā painga matua o te tāpine rere-axial e whai ake nei:
1. He tere motuhake teitei, he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga pūngao. Nō reira, he teitei ake te tere o te waeine me te rere o te waeine i tō te tāpine Francis. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pane me te putanga ōrite, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te rahi o te waeine whakaputa tāpine waipēhi, te whakaiti i te taumaha o te waeine me te penapena rauemi, nō reira he nui ngā painga ōhanga.
2. He ngāwari te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te hanga i te āhua o te mata me te taratara o ngā mata o te tāpine rere-axial. Nā te mea ka taea e ngā mata o te tāpine rere-axial te huri, he teitei ake te whai huatanga toharite i te tāpine Francis. Ina rerekē te kawenga me te pane, he iti noa te rerekētanga o te whai huatanga.
3. Ka taea te wetewete i ngā mata o te mīhini huri hiko o te hoe rere axial hei whakahaere i te hanga me te kawe waka.
Nō reira, ka noho pumau te tāpine rere-axial i roto i te whānuitanga mahi nui, he iti ake te wiri, ā, he nui te whai huatanga me te putanga. I roto i te whānuitanga o te upoko wai iti, tata rite ki te whakakapi i te tāpine Francis. I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua nui te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga whānui e pā ana ki te kaha o te waeine kotahi me te upoko wai.
3, Ngā ngoikoretanga o te tāpine rere axial
Heoi anō, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki tō te tāpine rere-axial, ā, he iti noa iho te whānuitanga o tana whakamahinga. Ko ōna ngoikoretanga matua ko:
1. He iti te maha o ngā mata, ā, he cantilever, nō reira he ngoikore te kaha, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi ki ngā teihana hiko wai upoko waenga me te teitei.
2. Nā te nui o te rere o te waeine me te tere o te waeine, he iti ake te teitei momi i te tāpine Francis i raro i te pane wai kotahi, ka hua ake he hohonutanga keri nui me te haumi nui ki te turanga o te teihana hiko.
E ai ki ngā ngoikoretanga o te tāpine rere-axial i runga ake nei, ka whakapai tonuhia te pane tono o te tāpine rere-axial mā te tango i ngā rauemi hou he kaha teitei me te ātete cavitation i roto i te hanga tāpine me te whakapai ake i te āhua ahotea o ngā mata i roto i te hoahoa. I tēnei wā, ko te whānuitanga pane tono o te tāpine rere-axial he 3-90 m, kua uru ki te rohe o te tāpine Francis. Hei tauira, ko te putanga o te mīhini kotahi o te tāpine rere-axial ke ko 181700 kW, ko te pane ko 88m, ā, ko te diameter o te oma ko 10.3M. Ko te putanga kotahi o te tāpine rere-axial i hangaia i Haina ko 175000 kW, ko te pane ko 78m, ā, ko te diameter o te oma ko 11.3m. He mata pumau me te hanganga ngāwari te tāpine rere-axial fixed propeller, engari kāore e taea te urutau ki ngā teihana hiko wai me ngā huringa nui o te pane wai me te kawenga. Mō ngā teihana hiko wai nui me te pane wai pumau me te mahi hei kawenga turanga, hei wae maha rānei, ka taea hoki te whakaaro i muri i te whakataurite ōhanga ina nui te hiko o te wā. Ko te whānuitanga o te pane wai e tika ana ko te 3-50m. Ko te tikanga, he poutū te taputapu o te tāpine rere tuaka, ā, he rite tonu te tukanga mahi ki te tāpine Francis. Ko te rerekētanga, ina huri te kawenga, ehara i te mea ka whakahaere noa i te hurihanga o te vane ārahi, engari ka whakahaere anō hoki i te hurihanga o te mata o te oma kia mau tonu ai te pai o te mahi.
I whakaurua mai anō hoki e mātou te tāpine Francis i mua. I roto i ngā kaihanga wai, he tino rerekē te tāpine Francis i te tāpine rere-axial. Hei tauira, he rerekē ngā āhua hanganga o tō rātou oma. He tata whakarara ngā mata o te tāpine Francis ki te pou matua, ko ngā mata o te tāpine rere-axial he tata poutū ki te pou matua.
Wā tuku: 19 Paenga-whāwhā 2022
