Kwinqaku lokugqibela, sazise isigqibo se-DC AC. "Imfazwe" yaphela ngoloyiso lwe-AC. Ke ngoko, i-AC yafumana intwasahlobo yophuhliso lwemarike yaza yaqala ukuthatha imarike eyayikade ihlalwa yi-DC. Emva kwale "mfazwe", i-DC kunye ne-AC zakhuphisana kwisikhululo samandla ombane sase-Adams eNiagara Falls.
Ngo-1890, i-United States yakha isikhululo samanzi saseNiagara Falls Adams. Ukuze kuhlolwe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-AC kunye ne-DC, kwasekwa iKhomishini yaMandla yaseNiagara kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe. I-Westinghouse kunye ne-Ge zathatha inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano. Ekugqibeleni, ngenxa yodumo lwayo olukhulayo emva koloyiso lwemfazwe ye-AC / DC kunye neetalente zeqela lezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo ezifana neTesla, kunye novavanyo oluphumeleleyo lokudluliselwa kwe-AC eGreat Barrington ngo-1886 kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-alternator kwisityalo samandla sase-larffen eJamani, iWestinghouse ekugqibeleni yaphumelela ikhontrakthi yokuvelisa iijenereyitha ze-hydro ze-AC ezili-10 ze-5000P. Ngo-1894, ijenereyitha yokuqala ye-hydro ye-5000P yesikhululo samandla saseNiagara Falls Adams yazalwa eWestinghouse. Ngo-1895, iyunithi yokuqala yaqaliswa ukusebenza. Ekwindla ka-1896, umbane ojikelezayo wesigaba esibini owenziwe yijenereyitha waguqulwa waba yisigaba esithathu nge-transformer yaseScotland, waza wathunyelwa eBaffalo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka ngenkqubo yokudluliselwa kwesigaba esithathu.
Ijenereyitha yamanzi yesikhululo samandla saseAdams eNiagara Falls yayiyilwe yiBG lamme (1884-1924), injineli eyintloko yaseWestinghouse, ngokwelungelo lomenzi likaTesla, kwaye udadewabo uB. lamme naye wathatha inxaxheba kuyilo. Le yunithi iqhutywa yi-fournellon turbine (i-double runner, engenambhobho wedrafti), kwaye ijenereyitha yijenereyitha ehambelanayo yezigaba ezimbini, 5000hp, 2000V, 25Hz, 250r / mln. Ijenereyitha ineempawu ezilandelayo;
(1) Umthamo omkhulu kunye nobukhulu obude. Ngaphambi koko, umthamo weyunithi enye yejenereyitha yamanzi wawungadluli kwi-1000 HPA. Kunokuthiwa ijenereyitha yamanzi ye-5000bp yesikhululo samandla ombane sase-Adar eNiagara Falls yayingengoyena jenereyitha yamanzi inkulu kuphela enomthamo weyunithi enye kwihlabathi ngelo xesha, kodwa yayikwalinyathelo lokuqala eliphambili ekuphuhlisweni kwejenereyitha yamanzi ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwenkulu.
(2) Umqhubi we-armature ugqunywe nge-mica okokuqala.
(3) Ezinye iindlela ezisisiseko zokwakha iijenereyitha zamanzi zanamhlanje ziyasetyenziswa, njengesakhiwo esivaliweyo se-umbrella. Iiseti zokuqala ezisi-8 zezolwakhiwo apho iipali zemagnethi zimi ngaphandle (uhlobo lwe-pivot), kwaye iiseti ezimbini zokugqibela zitshintshelwa kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo sangoku apho iipali zemagnethi zijikeleza ngaphakathi (uhlobo lwentsimi).
(4) Imo yokuvuthela eyahlukileyo. Eyokuqala isebenzisa amandla e-DC aveliswa yijenereyitha ye-turbine yomphunga ye-DC ekufutshane ukuze ivuthele. Emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, zonke iiyunithi ziya kusebenzisa iijenereyitha ze-DC hydro ezincinci njengee-exciters.
(5) Kwamkelwe i-frequency ye-25Hz. Ngelo xesha, i-Ying rate yase-United States yayingalingani kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-16.67hz ukuya kwi-1000fhz. Emva kohlalutyo kunye nokuvumelana, kwamkelwe i-25Hz. Le frequency ibe yi-frequency eqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo zase-United States ixesha elide.
(6) Ngaphambili, umbane oveliswa zizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane wawusetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni, ngelixa umbane oveliswa sisikhululo sombane saseNiagara Falls Adams wawusetyenziswa kakhulu kumbane wemizi-mveliso.
(7) Uthumelo lwezorhwebo olude lwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu luye lwaqalwa okokuqala, nto leyo eye yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni nasekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu. Emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokusebenza, iiyunithi ezili-10 zejenereyitha yamanzi ye-turbine yesitishi samandla e-Adams zihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zaguqulwa. Zonke iiyunithi ezili-10 zitshintshwe ngeeyunithi ezintsha ze-1000HP kunye ne-1200V, kwaye enye iyunithi entsha ye-5000P ifakiwe, ukuze umthamo opheleleyo wesitishi samandla ufikelele kwi-105000hp.
Idabi le-AC ethe ngqo ye-hydro generator ekugqibeleni laphunyezwa yi-AC. Ukususela ngoko, amandla e-DC ayonakalisiwe kakhulu, kwaye i-AC iqalile ukucula nokuhlasela kwimarike, nto leyo eye yabeka ithoni yophuhliso lwee-hydro generators kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba uphawu oluphawulekayo lwesigaba sokuqala kukuba ii-DC hydro generators zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-DC hydro motors. Enye yi-low-voltage generator. Ii-generator ezimbini ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana kwaye ziqhutywa yi-turbine enye. Eyesibini yi-high-voltage generator, eyi-double pivot kunye ne-double pole generating shaft enye. Iinkcukacha ziya kwaziswa kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-13-2021
