Esihlokweni sokugcina, sethule isinqumo se-DC AC. "Impi" yaphela ngokunqoba kwe-AC. Ngakho-ke, i-AC yathola intwasahlobo yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe futhi yaqala ukuthatha imakethe eyayikade isetshenziswa yi-DC. Ngemva kwale "mpi", i-DC ne-AC zancintisana esiteshini sikagesi samanzi sase-Adams eNiagara Falls.
Ngo-1890, i-United States yakha isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseNiagara Falls Adams. Ukuze kuhlolwe izinhlelo ezahlukene ze-AC ne-DC, kwasungulwa iKhomishini Kagesi yaseNiagara kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe. I-Westinghouse ne-Ge bahlanganyela kulo mncintiswano. Ekugcineni, ngedumela layo elikhulayo ngemuva kokunqoba impi ye-AC / DC kanye namathalente eqembu lososayensi abahle kakhulu njengeTesla, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kokudluliselwa kwe-AC eGreat Barrington ngo-1886 kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-alternator esitshalweni sikagesi saseLarffen eJalimane, iWestinghouse ekugcineni yawina inkontileka yokukhiqiza amajeneretha amanzi ayi-10 e-5000P AC. Ngo-1894, ijeneretha yokuqala ye-hydro engu-5000P yesiteshi sikagesi saseNiagara Falls Adams yazalwa eWestinghouse. Ngo-1895, iyunithi yokuqala yaqala ukusebenza. Ekwindla ka-1896, ugesi oshintshashintshayo wezigaba ezimbili okhiqizwa yijeneretha waguqulwa waba yizigaba ezintathu nge-transformer yaseScotland, wabe esedluliselwa eBaffalo ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-40 ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisela lwezigaba ezintathu.
Ijenereyitha yamanzi yesiteshi sikagesi sase-Adams eNiagara Falls yaklanywa yi-BG lamme (1884-1924), unjiniyela oyinhloko waseWestinghouse, ngokusho kwelungelo lobunikazi likaTesla, kanti udadewabo u-B. lamme naye wahlanganyela ekwakhiweni. Iyunithi iqhutshwa yi-fournellon turbine (i-double runner, engenawo i-draft tube), kanti ijenereyitha iyijenereyitha ehambisanayo enezigaba ezimbili, engu-5000hp, 2000V, 25Hz, 250r / mln. Ijenereyitha inezici ezilandelayo;
(1) Umthamo omkhulu nosayizi omude. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umthamo weyunithi eyodwa wejeneretha yamanzi wawungadluli ku-1000 HPA. Kungashiwo ukuthi ijeneretha yamanzi engu-5000bp yesiteshi sikagesi samanzi sase-Adar eNiagara Falls kwakungeyona nje ijeneretha yamanzi enkulu kunazo zonke enekhono leyunithi eyodwa emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwejeneretha yamanzi kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu.
(2) Umqhubi we-armature ugqunywe nge-mica okokuqala ngqa.
(3) Ezinye izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo samajeneretha e-hydro anamuhla ziyasetshenziswa, njengesakhiwo esivaliwe sesambulela esiqondile. Amasethi okuqala ayi-8 awesakhiwo lapho izinsika zikagesi zimi khona ngaphandle (uhlobo lwe-pivot), kanti amasethi amabili okugcina ashintshwa abe yisakhiwo esijwayelekile samanje lapho izinsika zikagesi zikagesi zijikeleza khona ngaphakathi (uhlobo lwensimu).
(4) Imodi yokuvuselela ehlukile. Eyokuqala isebenzisa amandla e-DC akhiqizwa yijeneretha ye-turbine ye-steam ye-DC eseduze ukuze ivuselele. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu, wonke amayunithi azosebenzisa amajeneretha amancane e-DC hydro njenge-exciter.
(5) Kwamukelwa imvamisa engu-25Hz. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga le-Ying lase-United States lalihlukahlukene kakhulu, kusukela ku-16.67hz kuya ku-1000fhz. Ngemva kokuhlaziywa nokuvumelana, kwasetshenziswa i-25Hz. Le mvamisa isibe yimvamisa ejwayelekile kwezinye izingxenye ze-United States isikhathi eside.
(6) Esikhathini esidlule, ugesi okhiqizwa yimishini yokukhiqiza ugesi wawusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni, kanti ugesi okhiqizwa yisiteshi sikagesi saseNiagara Falls Adams wawusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ugesi wezimboni.
(7) Ukudluliswa kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu okuhamba ibanga elide kuye kwaqalwa okokuqala, okudlale indima eyisibonelo ekudlulisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu. Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza, amayunithi angu-10 ejeneretha we-turbine yamanzi angu-5000bp esiteshini sikagesi samanzi sase-Adams avuselelwe ngokuphelele futhi aguqulwa. Wonke amayunithi ayi-10 athathelwe indawo amayunithi amasha angu-1000HP kanye ne-1200V, kanti enye iyunithi entsha engu-5000P ifakiwe, ukuze umthamo ophelele wesiteshi sikagesi ufinyelele ku-105000hp.
Impi ye-AC eqondile yejeneretha yamanzi ekugcineni yanqotshwa yi-AC. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amandla e-DC awonakele kakhulu, futhi i-AC isiqalile ukucula nokuhlasela emakethe, okuye kwabeka ithoni yokuthuthukiswa kwamajeneretha amanzi esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isici esiphawulekayo sesigaba sokuqala ukuthi amajeneretha amanzi e-DC asetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zama-motor e-DC hydro. Eyodwa iyijeneretha enamandla aphansi. Amajeneretha amabili axhunywe ochungechungeni futhi aqhutshwa yi-turbine eyodwa. Eyesibili yijeneretha enamandla aphezulu, okuyijeneretha ephindwe kabili kanye ne-double pole ehlanganyela umgodi owodwa. Imininingwane izokwethulwa esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 13-2021
