Kwinqaku lokugqibela, sazise isisombululo se-DC AC. "imfazwe" yaphela ngoloyiso lwe-AC. ngoko ke, i-AC yafumana intwasahlobo yophuhliso lwemarike kwaye yaqala ukuhlala kwimarike eyayihlala yi-DC. Emva kwale "mfazwe", i-DC kunye ne-AC zakhuphisana kwisikhululo sombane samanzi sase-Adams e-Niagara Falls.
Ngowe-1890, iUnited States yakha isikhululo sombane saseNiagara Falls Adams. Ukuze kuvavanywe izikimu ezahlukeneyo ze-AC kunye ne-DC, iKomishoni yaMandla ye-Niagara yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe yasekwa. UWestinghouse kunye noGe bathathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano. Ekugqibeleni, kunye nodumo lwayo olukhulayo emva koloyiso lwemfazwe ye-AC / DC kunye neetalente zeqela lezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo ezifana noTesla, kunye novavanyo oluyimpumelelo lokudluliselwa kwe-AC kwi-Great Barrington ngo-1886 kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-alternator kwiplanti yamandla e-larffen eJamani, i-Westinghouse ekugqibeleni iphumelele isivumelwano sokuvelisa i-10 5000P hydrogenerator AC. Ngo-1894, i-5000P yokuqala ye-hydro generator ye-Niagara Falls Adams isikhululo samandla sazalwa eWestinghouse. Ngowe-1895, iyunithi yokuqala yaqalisa ukusebenza. Ekwindla ka-1896, izigaba ezibini ezitshintshanayo zangoku eziveliswe yijenereyitha yatshintshwa yangamanqanaba amathathu ngeScot transformer, yaze yagqithiselwa eBaffalo 40km kude ngenkqubo yothumelo lwezigaba ezithathu.
I-hydro generator yesikhululo samandla e-Adams e-Niagara Falls yenzelwe ngu-BG lamme (1884-1924), injineli eyintloko ye-Westinghouse, ngokwe-patent kaTesla, kunye nodadewabo u-B. lamme naye wathatha inxaxheba kuyilo. Iyunithi iqhutywa yi-fournellon turbine (i-runner ephindwe kabini, ngaphandle kwe-tube eyidrafti), kwaye i-generator yi-vertical-phase generator synchronous generator, 5000hp, 2000V, 25Hz, 250r / mln. Ijenereyitha inezi mpawu zilandelayo;
(1) Umthamo omkhulu kunye nobukhulu obude. Ngaphambi koko, umthamo weyunithi enye ye-hydro generator ayizange idlule i-1000 HPA. Kunokuthiwa i-5000bp ye-hydro generator ye-Adar hydropower station e-Niagara Falls yayingeyona nje i-generator enkulu ye-hydro eneyunithi enye emhlabeni ngelo xesha, kodwa kunye nesinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-hydro generator ukusuka kwincinci ukuya enkulu.
(2) I-armature conductor ifakwe kwi-mica okokuqala.
(3) Ezinye iindlela ezisisiseko zeejenereyitha ze-hydro zanamhlanje zamkelwa, njengesambrela emileyo evaliweyo. Iiseti zokuqala ezisi-8 zezobume apho iipali zemagnethi zimi ngaphandle (uhlobo lwepivot), kwaye iiseti ezimbini zokugqibela zitshintshwa zibe kulwakhiwo jikelele lwangoku apho iipali zemagnethi zijikeleza ngaphakathi (uhlobo lwentsimi).
(4) Imowudi yokuvuselela eyodwa. Eyokuqala isebenzisa amandla e-DC aveliswa yijenereyitha ye-DC yomphunga ekufutshane yokuvuselela. Emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, zonke iiyunithi ziya kusebenzisa iijenereyitha ze-DC ezincinci njenge-exciters.
(5) I-frequency ye-25Hz yamkelwa. Ngelo xesha, izinga le-Ying lase-United States lalinezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-16.67hz ukuya kwi-1000fhz. Emva kokuhlalutya kunye nokuthobela, i-25Hz yamkelwa. Olu phindaphindo luye lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo zase-United States ixesha elide.
(6) Ngaphambili, umbane oveliswa zizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ubukhulu becala wawusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ngoxa umbane oveliswa sisikhululo samandla saseNiagara Falls Adams wawusetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala umbane wemizi-mveliso.
(7) Ukuhanjiswa kwezorhwebo okude kwisigaba sesithathu se-AC kuye kwaqatshelwa okokuqala, okuye kwadlala indima engumzekelo ekugqithiseni kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwesigaba sesithathu se-AC. emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokusebenza, iiyunithi ze-10 5000bp zejenereyitha ye-injini yamanzi yesikhululo sombane samanzi e-Adams ziye zahlaziywa zaza zaguqulwa ngokupheleleyo. Zonke iiyunithi ze-10 zitshintshwe ngeeyunithi ezintsha ze-1000HP kunye ne-1200V, kwaye enye iyunithi entsha ye-5000P ifakwe, ukwenzela ukuba umthamo ofakiweyo wesikhululo samandla ufikelele kwi-105000hp.
Idabi le-AC ngqo yejenereyitha ye-hydro yaphumelela ekugqibeleni yi-AC. Ukususela ngoko, amandla e-DC wonakaliswe kakhulu, kwaye i-AC iqalile ukucula nokuhlasela kwimarike, ekwaye yabeka ithoni yokuphuhliswa kweejeneretha ze-hydro kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba into ephawulekayo kwinqanaba lokuqala kukuba i-DC hydro generators isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-DC hydro motors. Enye yijenereyitha ene-voltage ephantsi. Iijenereyitha ezimbini zidityanisiwe kuthotho kwaye ziqhutywa yi turbine enye. Eyesibini yi-high-voltage generator, eyi-pivot ephindwe kabini kunye ne-double pole generator eyabelana ngeshaft enye. Iinkcukacha ziya kwaziswa kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-13-2021
