Hordhac Kooban oo ku saabsan Qalabka Marawaxadaha ee Warshadaha Korontada Biyaha

1. Mabda'a shaqada
Turbine-ka biyuhu waa tamarta socodka biyaha. Turbine-ka biyuhu waa mishiinka korontada ee tamarta socodka biyaha u beddela tamar farsamo oo wareegaysa. Biyaha ku jira kaydka biyaha ee kor u socda ayaa loo horseedaa turbine-ka iyada oo loo marayo tuubada leexinta, taas oo ku kaxaysa orodka turbine-ka inuu wareego oo uu matoorka kaxeeyo si uu koronto u dhaliyo.

Qaacidada xisaabinta ee awoodda wax soo saarka marawaxadaha waa sida soo socota:
P＝9．81H·Q· η（ P-power laga helo matoorka biyaha, kW; H – madaxa biyaha, m; Q – socodka marawaxadaha, m3 / S; η— Hufnaanta marawaxadaha biyaha
Inta uu madaxa h sareeyo iyo inta uu Q sii daayo, ayaa hufnaanta turbine-ka η Awoodda oo sii kordheysa, ayaa awoodda wax soo saarku sii kordheysaa.

2. Kala soocidda iyo madaxa mashiinka biyaha ee khuseeya
Kala soocidda marawaxadaha
Turbine-ka falcelinta: Francis, socodka axial, socodka oblique iyo turbine-ka tuubada
Turbine-ka Pelton: Turbine-ka Pelton, turbine-ka oblique-ga ah, turbine-ka laba-istaag leh iyo turbine-ka Pelton
Socod isku dhafan oo toosan
Socodka dhidibka toosan
Socod aan kala go 'lahayn
Madaxa la dabaqi karo

Marawaxadaha falcelinta:
Turbine-ka Francis 20-700m
Marawaxadaha socodka axial 3 ~ 80m
Marawaxadaha socodka ee qaloocan 25 ～ 200m
Turbine-ka tuubada 1 ~ 25m

Turbine-ka degdega ah:
Turbine-ka Pelton 300-1700m (weyn), 40-250m (yar)
20 ~ 300m oo loogu talagalay marawaxadaha saamaynta leh ee aan la arki karin
Turbine laba-gujis ah 5 ~ 100m (yar)
Nooca marawaxadaha waxaa loo doortaa iyadoo loo eegayo madaxa shaqada iyo xawaaraha gaarka ah.

3. Qodobbada shaqada ee aasaasiga ah ee marawaxadaha haydarooliga
Waxaa inta badan ka mid ah madaxa h, qulqulka Q, wax soo saarka P iyo hufnaanta η、 Xawaaraha n.
Madaxa astaamaha H:
Madaxa ugu badan Hmax: madaxa ugu badan ee saafiga ah ee loo ogol yahay inuu shaqeeyo.
Madaxa ugu yar Hmin: madaxa ugu yar ee saafiga ah ee loogu talagalay hawlgalka badbaadada iyo xasilloonida ee marawaxadaha haydarooliga.
Celceliska miisaanka madaxa ha: celceliska miisaanka ee dhammaan madaxyada biyaha ee marawaxadda.
Madaxa la qiimeeyay HR: madaxa ugu yar ee saafiga ah ee looga baahan yahay matoorka si uu u soo saaro wax soo saar la qiimeeyay.
Daadinta S: mugga socodka ee dhex mara qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah marawaxadaha waqtiga cutubka, cutubka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waa m3 / s.
Xawaaraha n: tirada wareegyada ee mashiinka tuurista ee waqtiga cutubka, oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo R / daqiiqo.
Wax soo saarka P: awoodda wax soo saarka ee dhamaadka usha marawaxadaha, cutubka si caadi ah loo isticmaalo: kW.
Waxtarka η： Saamiga awoodda gelinta iyo awoodda wax soo saarka ee turbine-ka haydarooliga waxaa loo yaqaan waxtarka turbine-ka haydarooliga.

4. Qaab-dhismeedka ugu muhiimsan ee marawaxadaha
Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qaab-dhismeedka turbine-ka falcelinta waa volute, giraanta joogga ah, habka hagaha, daboolka sare, orodyahanka, usha ugu weyn, hagaha hagaha, giraanta hoose, tuubada qabyada ah, iwm. Sawirrada kore waxay muujinayaan qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qaab-dhismeedka turbine-ka.

5. Tijaabada warshadda ee matoorada haydarooliga
Hubi, shaqee oo tijaabi qaybaha ugu muhiimsan sida volute, runner, usha ugu weyn, servomotor, hagaha hagaha iyo daboolka sare.
Shayada ugu muhiimsan ee kormeerka iyo tijaabada:
1) Kormeerka agabka;
2) Kormeerka alxanka;
3) Tijaabo aan wax burburinayn;
4) Tijaabada cadaadiska;
5) Hubinta cabbirka
6) Isku-dubaridka Warshadda;
7) Tijaabada dhaqdhaqaaqa;
8) Tijaabada dheelitirka joogtada ah ee orodyahanka, iwm.