Chiyambi Chachidule cha Zida Zopangira Turbine mu Zomera Zamagetsi Ochokera Kumadzi

1. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Turbine yamadzi ndi mphamvu ya kuyenda kwa madzi. Turbine yamadzi ndi makina amphamvu omwe amasintha mphamvu ya kuyenda kwa madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina yozungulira. Madzi omwe ali m'chitsime chakumtunda amatsogozedwa ku turbine kudzera mu chitoliro chosinthira, chomwe chimayendetsa choyendetsa turbine kuti chizungulire ndikuyendetsa jenereta kuti ipange magetsi.

Fomula yowerengera mphamvu yotulutsa ya turbine ndi iyi:
P＝9．81H·Q· η（ P-mphamvu yochokera ku hydro generator, kW; H – mutu wa madzi, m; Q – imayenda kudzera mu turbine, m3 / S; η— Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa turbine ya hydraulic
Mutu wa h ukakhala wapamwamba komanso Q ikatuluka kwambiri, mphamvu ya turbine imakhala yokwera kwambiri. Mphamvu ya turbine ikatuluka kwambiri, mphamvu ya kutulutsa imakulanso.

2. Kugawa ndi mutu woyenera wa turbine yamadzi
Kugawa kwa Turbine
Turbine yochitapo kanthu: Francis, axial flow, oblique flow ndi tubular turbine
Pelton turbine: Pelton turbine, oblique stroke turbine, double stroke turbine ndi Pelton turbine
Kuyenda kosakanikirana koyima
Kuyenda kwa axial yoyima
Kuyenda kwa oblique
Mutu wogwiritsidwa ntchito

Turbine yochitapo kanthu:
Chombo cha Francis turbine 20-700m
Turbine yoyenda ndi axial 3 ～ 80m
Turbine yoyenda mozungulira 25 ～ 200m
Turbine ya Tubular 1 ～ 25m

Mpweya wopangira mphamvu:
Pelton turbine 300-1700m (yaikulu), 40-250m (yaing'ono)
20 ～ 300m ya turbine yozungulira
Turbine yodina kawiri 5 ～ 100m (yaing'ono)
Mtundu wa turbine umasankhidwa malinga ndi mutu wogwirira ntchito komanso liwiro lake.

3. Magawo oyambira ogwirira ntchito a turbine ya hydraulic
Makamaka zimaphatikizapo mutu h, flow Q, output P ndi efficiency η、Speed ​​n.
Mutu wodziwika bwino H:
Mutu waukulu kwambiri Hmax: mutu waukulu kwambiri womwe turbine imaloledwa kugwira ntchito.
Mutu wocheperako Hmin: mutu wocheperako wa neti kuti turbine ya hydraulic igwire ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika.
Mutu wapakati wolemera ha: mtengo wapakati wolemera wa mitu yonse ya madzi ya turbine.
Mutu woyesedwa HR: mutu wocheperako wofunikira kuti turbine ipange mphamvu yoyesedwa.
Kutulutsa Q: kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amadutsa mu gawo loperekedwa la turbine munthawi ya unit, unit yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi m3 / s.
Liwiro n: chiwerengero cha kuzungulira kwa choyendetsa turbine mu nthawi ya unit, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu R / min.
Chotulutsa P: mphamvu yotulutsa ya kumapeto kwa shaft ya turbine, gawo logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: kW.
mphamvu η： Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yolowera ku mphamvu yotulutsa ya turbine ya hydraulic chimatchedwa mphamvu ya turbine ya hydraulic.

4. Kapangidwe ka turbine yaikulu
Zigawo zazikulu za kapangidwe ka turbine yoyankhira ndi volute, remain ring, guide mechanism, top cover, runner, main shaft, guide bearing, bottom ring, draft tube, ndi zina zotero. Zithunzi zomwe zili pamwambapa zikuwonetsa zigawo zazikulu za kapangidwe ka turbine.

5. Kuyesa kwa fakitale ya turbine ya hydraulic
Yang'anani, gwiritsani ntchito ndikuyesa ziwalo zazikulu monga volute, runner, main shaft, servomotor, guide bearing ndi top cover.
Zinthu zazikulu zowunikira ndi kuyesa:
1) Kuyang'anira zinthu;
2) Kuwunika kuotcherera;
3) Kuyesa kosawononga;
4) Kuyesa kwa kuthamanga;
5) Kuyang'ana kukula;
6) Kupanga fakitale;
7) Kuyesa kuyenda;
8) Mayeso a Runner static balance, ndi zina zotero.