Tubhini yemvura imhando yemuchina weturbine mumakina emvura. Kare munenge muna 100 BC, iyo prototype yeturbine yemvura - turbine yemvura yakazvarwa. Panguva iyoyo, basa guru raive rekutyaira michina yekugadzira zviyo nekudiridza. Tubhini yemvura, semuchina wemuchina unofambiswa nekuyerera kwemvura, yakagadziridzwa kune yazvino mvura turbine, uye chiyero chekushandisa chakawedzerwa. Zvino maturbine emvura emazuva ano anonyanya kushandiswa kupi?
Iyo turbine yemvura inonyanya kushandiswa kune pumped storage power station. Kana mutoro wesimba remagetsi wakadzikira pane yekutanga mutoro, unogona kushandiswa sepombi yemvura kushandisa yakawandisa simba rekugadzira simba kupomba mvura kubva pasi pemvura inoyerera ichienda kumvura inoyerera uye kuchengetedza simba muchimiro chesimba rinogona kuitika; Kana iyo sisitimu mutoro wakakwira kupfuura iyo base load, inogona kushandiswa seye turbine yemvura kugadzira magetsi kugadzirisa peak mutoro. Naizvozvo, yakachena pombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi haigone kuwedzera simba remagetsi system, asi inogona kuvandudza hupfumi hwekushanda kwemayuniti emagetsi ekugadzira magetsi uye kuvandudza kushanda kwese kwesimba remagetsi. Kubva kuma1950, mapombi ekuchengetedza akakosheswa zvakanyanya uye akagadzirwa nekukurumidza pasi rese.
Iwo mapombi ekuchengetera mayuniti akagadzirwa munhanho yekutanga kana nemusoro wemvura yakakwira kazhinji anotora mhando yemuchina mitatu, kureva kuti, anoumbwa nejenareta mota, turbine yemvura uye pombi yemvura munhevedzano. Kubatsira kwaro ndeyokuti turbine yemvura uye pombi yemvura yakagadzirwa zvakasiyana, iyo inogona kuva nepamusoro-soro, uye kutenderera kutungamirirwa kwechikwata kwakafanana pakugadzira uye kupomba, iyo inogona kukurumidza kuchinjwa kubva pakugadzira simba kusvika pakupomba, kana kubva pakupomba kusvika kune simba rekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, turbine inogona kushandiswa kutanga chikwata. Zvayakaipira mutengo mukuru uye mari hombe muchiteshi chemagetsi.
Iwo mablades eanotemerwa kuyerera pombi turbine mumhanyi anogona kutenderera uye achiri nekuita kwakanaka kwekushanda kana musoro wemvura uye mutoro zvinoshanduka. Zvisinei, yakaganhurirwa nemaitiro e hydraulic uye simba rezvinhu, musoro wayo mukuru wemvura waingova 136.2m mukutanga kwema1980 (Kogen No. 1 chiteshi chemagetsi muJapan). Kune misoro yepamusoro yemvura, Francis pombi turbines inodiwa.
Iyo pumped storage power station ine mareservoirs epamusoro nepasi. Pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza simba rakafanana, kuwedzera musoro kunogona kuderedza simba rekuchengetedza, kuwedzera chikwata chekumhanya uye kuderedza mari yeprojekti. Naizvozvo, yakakwirira musoro simba rekuchengetedza simba zviteshi pamusoro pe300 metres iri kukura nekukurumidza. Iyo Francis pump turbine ine musoro wepamusoro wemvura pasi rose yakaiswa mubeinabashta chiteshi chemagetsi muYugoslavia. Simba rayo rimwe chete ndiro 315 MW uye musoro wemvura we turbine uri 600.3 mamita; Iyo pombi ine musoro we623.1m uye inotenderera inomhanya ye428.6 R / min. yakaiswa mukushanda muna 1977. Kubva muzana remakore rechi20, hydropower mauniti ave achivandudza kune yakakwirira parameters uye hukuru hukuru. Nekuwedzera kwesimba remoto muhurongwa hwemagetsi uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba renyukireya, kuitira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuveura ndebvu zvine musoro, nyika dzepasi rose dziri kushingaira kuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi mukuwedzera mukukudziridza nesimba kana kuwedzera zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura mumagadzirirwo makuru emvura. Naizvozvo, mapombi epombi akagadzirwa nekukurumidza.
Semuchina wemagetsi unoshandura simba rekuyerera kwemvura kuita rinotenderera remagetsi emagetsi, turbine yemvura chikamu chakakosha mune yemvura turbine jenareta seti. Mazuva ano, dambudziko rekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza riri kuramba richiwedzera. Hydropower, nzira yekugadzira magetsi inoshandisa simba rakachena, iri kuwedzera kushandiswa kwayo nekusimudzirwa. Kuti ushandise zvizere zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zve hydraulic, mafungu, nzizi dzakajeka dzine kudonha kwakaderera uye kunyange masaisai zvakare akakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira, izvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwetubular turbines uye mamwe madiki mayuniti.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-06-2022
