China ikozvino mafomu ekugadzira magetsi anonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera.
(1) Kugadzira magetsi ekupisa. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinopisa ifekitari inoshandisa marasha, oiri, uye gasi rechisikigo sehuturu kugadzira magetsi. Yayo yekugadzira maitiro ndeye: kupisa kwemafuta kunoshandura mvura iri mubhailer kuita chiutsi, uye kemikari simba remafuta rinoshanduka kuita simba rekupisa. The steam pressure inotyaira kutenderera kweiyo steam turbine. Inoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi, uye ipapo turbine yemhepo inotyaira jenareta kuti itenderere, ichishandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi. Simba rinopisa rinoda kupisa zvisaririra zvakaita semarasha nepetroleum. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvisaririra zvemafuta zvakaganhurirwa, uye kana zvichinyanya kupisa, zvishoma zvazvinotarisana nengozi yokuneta. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zviwanikwa zveoiri zvepasi zvichapera mune mamwe makore 30. Kune rimwe divi, kupisa kwehuturu kuchaburitsa kabhoni dhiokisaidhi uye sulfur oxides, saka zvinokonzeresa greenhouse effect uye mvura ine acid, uye kukanganisa nharaunda yepasirese.
(2) Mugero wemvura. Mvura inoshandura simba rinokwevera remvura kuita kinetic simba rinokanganisa turbine yemvura, turbine yemvura inotanga kutenderera, turbine yemvura yakabatana nejenareta, uye jenareta inotanga kugadzira magetsi. Kuipa kwehydropower ndeyekuti ivhu rakakura rakafukidzwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kunharaunda yezvakatipoteredza, uye kana dziva rakakura rikadonha, mhedzisiro inozove yakaipa. Pamusoro pezvo, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvemunyika zvakashomekawo, uye zvinokanganiswawo nemwaka.
(3) Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva. Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva kunoshandura zvakananga chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi (inonziwo photovoltaic power generation), uye musimboti wayo ndeye "photovoltaic effect." Apo photon inopenya pasimbi, simba rayo rinogona kutorwa ne electron musimbi. Simba rinotorwa nerekitironi rakakura zvakakwana kuti rikunde giravhiti yemukati yesimbi kuita basa, kupukunyuka kubva pamusoro pesimbi uye kuva photoelectron. Iyi ndiyo inonzi "photovoltaic effect", kana "photovoltaic effect" kwenguva pfupi. Iyo solar photovoltaic system ine zvinotevera maitiro:
① Hapana zvikamu zvinotenderera, hapana ruzha; ②Hapana kusvibiswa kwemhepo, hapana kuraswa kwemvura; ③Hapana kupisa kwemoto, hapana mafuta anodiwa; ④Kugadzirisa kuri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa; ⑤Kushanda kwakanaka kuvimbika uye kugadzikana;
⑥The solar bhatiri sechinhu chakakosha chine hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi;
⑦Kuwanda kwesimba resimba rezuva rakaderera, uye rinosiyana nzvimbo nenzvimbo uye nguva nenguva. Iri ndiro dambudziko guru rinotarisana nekuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva.
(4) Kugadzira simba remhepo. Wind turbines muchina wemagetsi unoshandura simba remhepo kuita basa remuchina, rinozivikanwawo semamhepo. Kutaura zvakafara, injini inoshandisa kupisa inoshandisa zuva senzvimbo yekupisa uye mhepo semhepo inoshanda. Ine zvinotevera maitiro:
①Inovandudzwa, isingapere, hapana kudiwa kwemarasha, oiri uye mamwe mafuta anodiwa pakugadzira magetsi ekupisa kana zvinhu zvenyukireya zvinodikanwa kuti zvigadziriso zvemagetsi enyukireya zvigadzire magetsi, kunze kwekungogadziriswa nguva dzose, pasina kumwe kushandiswa;
②Yakachena, yakanaka mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza; ③Flexible yekuisa chiyero;
④Ruzha uye kusvibiswa kwekuona; ⑤Kutora nzvimbo yakakura yevhu;
⑥Haina kugadzikana uye isingadzoreki; ⑦Parizvino mutengo uchiri mukuru; ⑧Kukanganisa mabasa eshiri.
(5) Simba renyukireya. Nzira yekugadzira magetsi uchishandisa kupisa kunoburitswa nenuclear fission mu nuclear reactor. Yakafanana zvikuru nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekupisa. Simba renyukireya rine zvinhu zvinotevera:
①Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyukireya hakubudisi huwandu hukuru hwezvinosvibisa mumhepo semafuta emagetsi ekugadzira, saka kugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyukireya hakuzokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwemhepo;
②Kugadzirwa kwesimba renyukireya hakuzobudisi kabhoni dhaikisaidhi iyo inowedzera kupisa kwepasi rose;
③ Mafuta euranium anoshandiswa mukugadzira simba renyukireya haana chimwe chinangwa kunze kwekugadzira magetsi;
④ Kuwanda kwesimba remafuta enyukireya kwakapetwa mamirioni akati wandei kupfuura emafuta efossil, saka mafuta anoshandiswa nemagetsi enyukireya idiki mukukura uye yakanakira kutakura nekuchengeta;
⑤Mukudhura kwekugadzira magetsi enyukireya, mari yemafuta edzimotokari inotora chikamu chakaderera, uye mutengo wekugadzira magetsi enyukireya haunyanyi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, saka mutengo wekugadzira magetsi wakagadzikana pane dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira magetsi;
⑥Magetsi emagetsi enyukireya anoburitsa marara akakwira-uye akaderera-mwero weradioactive, kana kushandiswa kwemafuta enyukireya. Kunyangwe vachitora vhoriyamu diki, vanofanirwa kubatwa nekuchenjera nekuda kwemwaranzi, uye vanofanirwa kutarisana nekushushikana kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika;
⑦ Kupisa kwemagetsi emagetsi enyukireya kwakadzikira, saka kupisa kwemarara kwakawanda kunoiswa mukati mezvakatipoteredza kupfuura zviwanikwa zvemagetsi emagetsi efossil, saka kusvibiswa kwemafuta emagetsi enyukireya kwakanyanya;
⑧Mutengo wekudyara wemagetsi enyukireya wakakwira, uye njodzi yemari yekambani yemagetsi yakakwira;
⑨ Pane huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi mune reactor yemagetsi enyukireya, kana ikaburitswa kune yekunze nharaunda mutsaona, inokonzeresa kukuvadza kune ecology uye nevanhu;
⑩ Kuvakwa kwemagetsi enyukireya kunowanzokonzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kukakavara. o Chii chinonzi simba remakemikari?
Kemikari simba isimba rinoburitswa kana chinhu chikaita kemikari. Isimba rakavanzwa kwazvo. Haikwanise kushandiswa zvakananga kuita basa. Inosunungurwa chete kana shanduko yemakemikari ikaitika uye inova simba rekupisa kana mamwe marudzi esimba. Simba rinobudiswa nekupisa kwemafuta nemarasha, kuputika kwezvinoputika, uye kuchinja kwemakemikari mumuviri wezvokudya zvinodyiwa nevanhu zvose simba remakemikari. Simba remakemikari rinoreva simba remusanganiswa. Maererano nemutemo wekuchengetedza simba, kuchinja kwesimba uku kwakaenzana muhukuru uye kunopesana nekuchinja kwesimba rekupisa mukuita. Kana maatomu ari mukomboni yekupindura aronga patsva kuti abudise musanganiswa mutsva, zvinotungamira kune simba remakemikari. Shanduko, ichigadzira exothermic kana endothermic athari
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-25-2021
