Pumped storage hydropower station ndiye ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo yamagetsi imatha kufikira mulingo wa gigawatt. Pakadali pano, malo opangira magetsi opopera omwe ali ndi sikelo yokhwima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Pumped storage hydropower station ili ndi ukadaulo wokhwima komanso wokhazikika komanso zopindulitsa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pometa peak ndi standby. Pumped storage hydropower station ndiye ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo yamagetsi imatha kufikira mulingo wa gigawatt.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira za komiti yosungiramo mphamvu ya Professional Committee ya China Energy Research Association, pakadali pano, malo opangira magetsi opopera madzi omwe ali ndi chitukuko chokhwima kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi malo opangira magetsi opopera. Pofika chaka cha 2019, mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi yafika pa 180 miliyoni KW, ndipo mphamvu zoyikapo zosungirako zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zapitilira 170 miliyoni KW, zomwe ndi 94% ya mphamvu zonse zosungira padziko lonse lapansi.
Pumped storage hydropower station imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yocheperako pamakina amagetsi kupopera madzi kupita pamalo okwera kuti asungidwe, ndikutulutsa madzi opangira magetsi panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri. Pamene katundu ali wochepa, malo opangira magetsi opopera madzi ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito; Pamwamba kwambiri, ndi malo opangira magetsi.
Chigawo cha Pumped Storage Hydropower Station chili ndi ntchito ziwiri zofunika: kupopera ndi kupanga mphamvu. Chigawochi chimagwira ntchito ngati turbine ya hydraulic panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri yamagetsi. Kutsegula kwa kalozera vane ya hydraulic turbine imasinthidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la kazembe kuti atembenuke mphamvu yamadzi kuti ikhale mphamvu yamakina ya kasinthasintha wa unit, ndiyeno mphamvu yamakina imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa jenereta;
Pamene katundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi achepa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpope wamadzi kuti agwire ntchito. Mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo otsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera pansi pamadzi kupita kumtunda wapamwamba. Kupyolera mukusintha kwadongosolo kwa kazembe, kutsegulidwa kwa chowongoleracho kumasinthidwa molingana ndi mutu wa pampu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamadzi yosungiramo.
Pumped storage hydropower station imayang'anira kwambiri kumeta nsonga, kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, kuyimilira kwadzidzidzi komanso kuyambitsa kwakuda kwamagetsi, komwe kumatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi komanso phindu lazachuma lamagetsi, ndipo ndiye mzati woonetsetsa kuti gululi lamagetsi likuyenda bwino, zachuma komanso zokhazikika. Pumped storage hydropower station imadziwika kuti "stabilizer", "regulator" ndi "balancer" pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa gridi yamagetsi.
Chitukuko cha malo opangira magetsi opopera madzi padziko lonse lapansi ndi mitu yayikulu, mphamvu yayikulu komanso liwiro lalikulu. Mutu wamadzi wapamwamba umatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chikukula mpaka pamwamba pamutu wamadzi. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu ya unit imodzi ikuwonjezeka. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chimatenga liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Nyumba zazikulu za Pumped Storage Hydropower Station nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira posungira kumtunda, malo otsika, makina otumizira madzi, nyumba yamagetsi ndi nyumba zina zapadera. Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi wamba, ma hydraulic ma hydraulic posungira malo opangira mphamvu yamadzi ali ndi izi:
Pali nkhokwe ziwiri. Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi wamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikika yofanana, mphamvu yosungiramo malo opangira magetsi opopera madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono.
Madzi osungira madzi amasintha kwambiri ndipo amakwera ndi kutsika kawirikawiri. Kuti mugwire ntchito yometa kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa mu gridi yamagetsi, kusiyanasiyana kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa malo osungira madzi a Pumped Storage Hydropower Station nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo, nthawi zambiri kupitilira 10 ~ 20m, ndipo malo ena opangira magetsi amafika 30 ~ 40m, ndipo kusinthasintha kwamadzi osungiramo madzi kumakhala mwachangu, 5h ~ 8m kapena 8m ~ 8m kapena 8m / h.
Zofunikira pa anti-seepage ya reservoir ndizokwera. Ngati malo opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu pampopu ataya madzi ambiri chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa nkhokwe ya kumtunda, mphamvu yopangira magetsi pamalopo idzachepa. Choncho, zofunika zotsutsana ndi seepage za posungira ndizokwera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mikhalidwe ya hydrogeological m'dera la polojekiti, kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi kutayikira kwamadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi amadzimadzi, zofunikira zapamwamba zimaperekedwanso kuti dziwe litetezedwe.
Mutu wamadzi ndi wapamwamba. Mutu wamadzi wa Pumped Storage Hydropower Station nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, nthawi zambiri 200 ~ 800m. Jixi Pumped Storage Hydropower Station yokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo 1.8 miliyoni kW ndi projekiti yoyamba ya 650 metres mutu ku China, ndipo Dunhua Pumped Storage Hydropower Station yokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo 1.4 miliyoni kW ndi projekiti yoyamba ya chigawo cha 700 metres ku China. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha luso la malo opangira magetsi opopera magetsi, kuchuluka kwa malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ku China kudzachulukirachulukira.
Kukwezeka kwa chipangizocho kuli kochepa. Pofuna kuthana ndi chikoka cha kukwera kwa mphamvu ndi kutha kwa magetsi, malo opangira magetsi opopera opopera omwe amamangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati nyumba zopangira magetsi mobisa m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2022
