Makina opangira madzi ndi mtundu wa makina opangira ma turbine mumakina amadzimadzi. Pofika zaka za m'ma 100 BC, choyimira cha turbine yamadzi - makina opangira madzi adabadwa. Panthawiyo, ntchito yaikulu inali kuyendetsa makina opangira tirigu ndi ulimi wothirira. Makina opangira madzi, ngati chipangizo choyendetsedwa ndi madzi oyenda, apanga makina opangira madzi apano, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwakulitsidwanso. Ndiye kodi makina opangira madzi amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?
Makina opangira madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira magetsi opopera. Pamene katundu wa dongosolo mphamvu ndi m'munsi kuposa katundu zofunika, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpope madzi ntchito owonjezera mphamvu m'badwo mphamvu kupopera madzi kuchokera pansi mtsinje posungira ku dziwe kumtunda ndi kusunga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu angathe; Pamene katundu wa dongosolo ndi wapamwamba kuposa katundu woyambira, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati turbine yamadzi kuti apange magetsi kuti asinthe katundu wapamwamba. Choncho, koyera pumped yosungirako magetsi sangathe kuonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo mphamvu, koma akhoza kusintha chuma ntchito mayunitsi mphamvu matenthedwe mphamvu ndi kusintha dzuwa lonse la dongosolo mphamvu. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1950, malo osungiramo madzi akhala amtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo akukula mofulumira padziko lonse lapansi.
Magawo osungira opopera omwe amapangidwa koyambirira kapena okhala ndi mutu wapamwamba wamadzi nthawi zambiri amatengera mtundu wa makina atatu, ndiye kuti, amapangidwa ndi injini ya jenereta, turbine yamadzi ndi mpope wamadzi motsatizana. Ubwino wake ndikuti makina opangira madzi ndi mpope wamadzi amapangidwa mosiyana, omwe amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake. Nthawi yomweyo, turbine imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa unit. Zoyipa zake ndizokwera mtengo komanso kuyika ndalama zambiri pamalo opangira magetsi.
Masamba a othamanga pampu turbine wothamanga amatha kusinthasintha ndikukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino pomwe mutu wamadzi ndi katundu zisintha. Komabe, zochepa ndi mawonekedwe a hydraulic ndi mphamvu zakuthupi, mutu wake waukulu wa madzi unali 136.2m kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 (Kogen No. 1 magetsi ku Japan). Pamitu yayikulu yamadzi, ma turbines amapope a Francis amafunikira.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera ali ndi malo osungira kumtunda ndi kumunsi. Pansi pa kusunga mphamvu zomwezo, kuonjezera mutu kungachepetse mphamvu yosungirako, kuonjezera liwiro la unit ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti. Chifukwa chake, malo opangira mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu zapamwamba pamwamba pa 300 metres akukula mwachangu. Makina opangira madzi a Francis omwe ali ndi mutu wapamwamba kwambiri wamadzi padziko lonse lapansi adayikidwa mu siteshoni yamagetsi ya beinabashta ku Yugoslavia. Mphamvu yake ya unit imodzi ndi 315 MW ndipo mutu wamadzi wa turbine ndi mamita 600.3; Pampu ili ndi mutu wa 623.1m ndi liwiro lozungulira la 428.6 R / min. idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1977. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 20, mayunitsi amagetsi opangira madzi akhala akupanga magawo apamwamba komanso mphamvu zazikulu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya moto mu dongosolo la mphamvu ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu za nyukiliya, kuti athetse vuto la kumeta koyenera, maiko padziko lonse lapansi akumanga mokangalika malo osungiramo magetsi opopera kuwonjezera pakupanga mwamphamvu kapena kukulitsa malo opangira magetsi akuluakulu m'magulu akuluakulu a madzi. Choncho, makina opangira mapampu apangidwa mofulumira.
Monga makina opangira mphamvu omwe amasintha mphamvu yamadzi oyenda kukhala mphamvu yamakina ozungulira, makina opangira madzi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga jenereta yamadzi. Masiku ano, vuto la kuteteza chilengedwe likukulirakulirakulira. Hydropower, njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera, ikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikukweza. Kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira zida zosiyanasiyana zama hydraulic, mafunde, mitsinje yotsika yokhala ndi mafunde otsika komanso mafunde akopa chidwi chofala, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ma turbines achubu ndi tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono tatukuke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-06-2022
