Pa nthawi yokonza chipangizo chopangira ma turbine amadzi, chinthu chimodzi chokonza ma turbine amadzi ndi chisindikizo chosamalira. Chisindikizo chosamalira ma turbine amadzi chimatanthauza chisindikizo chonyamula chomwe chimafunika panthawi yotseka kapena kukonza chisindikizo chogwirira ntchito cha turbine yamadzi ndi chisindikizo chowongolera cha hydraulic, chomwe chimaletsa kubwerera m'dzenje la turbine pamene madzi akumbuyo ali pamwamba. Lero, tikambirana magulu angapo a chisindikizo cha turbine kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka chisindikizo chachikulu cha turbine.
Chisindikizo chogwira ntchito cha turbine ya hydraulic chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri:
（1） Chisindikizo chathyathyathya. Chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale chimaphatikizapo chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale imodzi ndi chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale ziwiri. Chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale imodzi chimagwiritsa ntchito mbale ya rabara ya mbale imodzi kupanga chisindikizo chokhala ndi mbali yomaliza ya mphete yozungulira yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yokhazikika pa shaft yayikulu. Chimatsekedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, koma zotsatira zake zotseka si zabwino ngati za chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale ziwiri, ndipo nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito si yayitali ngati ya chisindikizo chathyathyathya cha mbale ziwiri. Mbale yathyathyathya ya mbale ziwiri imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zotseka, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta ndipo madzi amatuluka akamakweza. Pakadali pano, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati a axial-flow.
（2） Chisindikizo cha Radial. Chisindikizo cha Radial chimakhala ndi mabuloko angapo a kaboni ooneka ngati fan omwe amakanikizidwa mwamphamvu pa shaft yayikulu ndi ma springs omwe ali mu mabuloko ooneka ngati fan achitsulo kuti apange chisindikizo. Bowo laling'ono la madzi limatsegulidwa mu mphete yotsekera kuti litulutse madzi otuluka. Limatsekedwa kwambiri m'madzi oyera, ndipo silingawonongeke ndi madzi okhala ndi matope. Kapangidwe ka chisindikizo ndi kovuta, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza n'kovuta, magwiridwe antchito a kasupe sikophweka kuonetsetsa, ndipo kudziletsa kwa radial pambuyo pa kukangana ndi kochepa, kotero lachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi chisindikizo chakumapeto.
（3） Chisindikizo chopakira. Chisindikizo chopakira chimapangidwa ndi mphete yosindikizira pansi, kulongedza, mphete yosindikizira madzi, chitoliro chosindikizira madzi ndi gland. Chimagwira ntchito yosindikizira makamaka ndi kulongedza pakati pa mphete yosindikizira pansi ndi chivundikiro chokakamiza gland. Chisindikizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono opingasa.
（4） Chisindikizo cha nkhope. Chisindikizo cha nkhope * * * mtundu wa makina ndi mtundu wa hydraulic. Chisindikizo cha nkhope cha makina chimadalira kasupe kuti chikokere diski yokhala ndi chipika cha rabara chozungulira, kotero kuti chipika cha rabara chozungulira chili pafupi ndi mphete yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yokhazikika pa shaft yayikulu kuti chigwire ntchito yotseka. Mphete yotseka rabara imakhazikika pa chivundikiro chapamwamba (kapena chivundikiro chothandizira) cha turbine ya hydraulic. Kapangidwe kameneka kotseka ndi kosavuta kusintha, koma mphamvu ya kasupe ndi yofanana, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutseka, kusweka komanso kusakhazikika kwa ntchito yotseka.
（5） Chisindikizo cha mphete ya Labyrinth. Chisindikizo cha mphete ya Labyrinth ndi mtundu watsopano wa chisindikizo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yakuti chipangizo cha pampu chimayikidwa pamwamba pa choyendetsera turbine. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya pampu, flange yayikulu ya shaft nthawi zonse imakhala mumlengalenga. Palibe kukhudzana pakati pa shaft ndi chisindikizo cha shaft, ndipo pali mpweya wochepa. Chisindikizocho chimakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. Chisindikizo chachikulu cha shaft ndi mtundu wa labyrinth wosakhudzana, womwe umapangidwa ndi chikwama chozungulira pafupi ndi shaft, bokosi lotsekera, chitoliro chachikulu cha shaft seal ndi zinthu zina. Pansi pa ntchito yachizolowezi ya turbine, palibe kukakamizidwa kwa madzi pa bokosi lotsekera mkati mwa kuchuluka konse kwa katundu. Pump plate pa runner imazungulira ndi runner kuti madzi ndi zinthu zolimba zisalowe mu main shaft seal. Nthawi yomweyo, drainage payipi ya pampu imaletsa mchenga kapena zinthu zolimba kuti zisasonkhanitse pansi pa chivundikiro chapamwamba cha turbine yamadzi, ndipo imatulutsa madzi pang'ono kudzera mu mphete yoyimitsa kutayikira pamwamba kupita ku madzi akumbuyo kudzera mu chitoliro cha drainage ya pampu.
Izi ndi magulu anayi akuluakulu a zisindikizo za turbine. M'magulu anayi awa, chisindikizo cha mphete cha labyrinth, monga ukadaulo watsopano wotsekera, chingalepheretse kutayikira kwa madzi pa bokosi lotsekera, lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo ambiri opangira magetsi, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-24-2022
