Mafomu opangira magetsi aku China akuphatikizapo izi.
(1) Kupanga magetsi otenthetsera. Malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera ndi fakitale yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito malasha, mafuta, ndi gasi wachilengedwe monga mafuta opangira magetsi. Njira yake yayikulu yopangira ndi: kuyaka kwamafuta kumasintha madzi mu boiler kukhala nthunzi, ndipo mphamvu yamafuta amafuta imasanduka mphamvu ya kutentha. Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kumayendetsa kuzungulira kwa turbine ya nthunzi. Atembenuzidwa kukhala mawotchi mphamvu, ndiyeno chopangira magetsi nthunzi amayendetsa jenereta atembenuza, akatembenuka mawotchi mphamvu mu mphamvu zamagetsi. Mphamvu yotentha imafunika kuwotcha mafuta oyambira pansi monga malasha ndi mafuta. Kumbali imodzi, mafuta osungiramo mafuta amakhala ochepa, ndipo akamayaka kwambiri, amakumana ndi vuto la kutopa. Akuti chuma cha mafuta padziko lonse chidzatha m’zaka zina 30. Kumbali ina, kuyaka kwa mafuta kudzatulutsa mpweya woipa ndi sulfure oxides, motero kumayambitsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi mvula ya asidi, ndikuwononga chilengedwe.
(2) Mphamvu yamadzi. Madzi omwe amasintha mphamvu yokoka yamadzi kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic amakhudza turbine yamadzi, makina opangira madzi amayamba kusinthasintha, makina opangira madzi amalumikizidwa ndi jenereta, ndipo jenereta imayamba kupanga magetsi. Kuipa kwa mphamvu ya hydropower ndikuti malo ambiri amasefukira, zomwe zitha kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo dziwe lalikulu likagwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa. Kuonjezera apo, madzi a m’dziko amakhalanso ochepa, ndipo amakhudzidwanso ndi nyengo.
(3) Kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa. Mphamvu ya dzuwa imasintha mwachindunji kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi (omwe amatchedwanso photovoltaic power generation), ndipo mfundo yake yaikulu ndi "photovoltaic effect." Photon ikawala pachitsulo, mphamvu yake imatha kutengedwa ndi electron muzitsulo. Mphamvu yotengedwa ndi elekitironi ndi yayikulu mokwanira kuti igonjetse mphamvu yokoka yamkati yachitsulo kuti igwire ntchito, kuthawa pamwamba pazitsulo ndikukhala photoelectron. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "photovoltaic effect", kapena "photovoltaic effect" mwachidule. Solar photovoltaic system ili ndi izi:
① Palibe magawo ozungulira, opanda phokoso; ②Palibe kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, palibe madzi otayira; ③Palibe kuyaka, palibe mafuta ofunikira; ④Kukonza kosavuta komanso kutsika mtengo kokonza; ⑤Kudalirika kwa ntchito yabwino ndi kukhazikika;
⑥Batire la solar monga gawo lalikulu limakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki;
⑦ Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yochepa, ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi malo komanso nthawi. Ili ndilo vuto lalikulu lomwe likukumana ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa.
(4) Kupanga mphamvu zamphepo. Ma turbines amphepo ndi makina amphamvu omwe amasintha mphamvu yamphepo kukhala ntchito yamakina, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ma windmills. Kunena mwachidule, ndi injini yogwiritsa ntchito kutentha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa ngati gwero la kutentha komanso mlengalenga ngati njira yogwirira ntchito. Lili ndi izi:
①Zongowonjezedwanso, zosatha, zosafunikira malasha, mafuta ndi mafuta ena ofunikira kuti apange magetsi otenthetsera kapena zida za nyukiliya zomwe zimafunikira kuti magetsi azitha kupanga magetsi, kupatula kukonza nthawi zonse, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse;
②Ukhondo, zabwino zachilengedwe zopindulitsa; ③Sikelo yosinthika yokhazikika;
④ Phokoso ndi kuipitsa kowoneka; ⑤Tengani malo ambiri;
⑥Wosakhazikika komanso wosalamulirika; ⑦Pakali pano mtengo ukadali wokwera; ⑧Kukhudza zochita za mbalame.
(5) Mphamvu za nyukiliya. Njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi nyukiliya fission mu nyukiliya. Ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kupanga mphamvu zamafuta. Mphamvu za nyukiliya zili ndi izi:
① Kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikutulutsa zowononga zambiri mumlengalenga monga kupangira mphamvu zamafuta, motero kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikungawononge mpweya;
②Kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikudzatulutsa mpweya woipa womwe umawonjezera kutentha kwa dziko lonse;
③ Mafuta a uranium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu za nyukiliya alibe cholinga china kupatula kupanga mphamvu;
④ Kuchulukitsitsa kwamafuta amafuta a nyukiliya kumachulukirachulukira kuwirikiza mamiliyoni angapo kuposa mafuta amafuta, motero mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndi ochepa kukula kwake komanso osavuta kuyenda ndi kusungidwa;
⑤Pa mtengo wopangira magetsi a nyukiliya, mtengo wamafuta umakhala wotsika kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wopangira magetsi a nyukiliya siwotheka kutengera momwe chuma chikuyendera padziko lonse lapansi, motero mtengo wopangira magetsi ndi wokhazikika kuposa njira zina zopangira magetsi;
⑥Mafakitale opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya azitulutsa zinyalala zamphamvu komanso zotsika, kapena mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyukiliya. Ngakhale ali ndi gawo laling'ono, amayenera kusamaliridwa mosamala chifukwa cha cheza, ndipo ayenera kukumana ndi zovuta zandale;
⑦ Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndikochepa, motero kutentha kwa zinyalala zambiri kumatayidwa ku chilengedwe kuposa malo wamba opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, motero kuyipitsidwa kwamafuta amagetsi a nyukiliya kumakhala kowopsa;
⑧Ndalama zogulira malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndizokwera, ndipo chiwopsezo chamakampani opanga magetsi ndichokwera kwambiri;
⑨ Pali zinthu zambiri zotulutsa ma radio mu reakitala yamagetsi a nyukiliya, ngati zitatulutsidwa kunja kwa ngozi, zitha kuwononga chilengedwe ndi anthu;
⑩ Kupanga malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya kumatha kuyambitsa mikangano pandale. o Chemical mphamvu ndi chiyani?
Mphamvu ya Chemical ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pamene chinthu chikukumana ndi chemical reaction. Ndi mphamvu zobisika kwambiri. Sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kugwira ntchito. Amatulutsidwa kokha pamene kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika ndikukhala mphamvu ya kutentha kapena mitundu ina ya mphamvu. Mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa mafuta ndi malasha, kuphulika kwa mabomba, ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala m’thupi la chakudya chimene anthu amadya ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala. Chemical energy imatanthauza mphamvu ya chinthu. Malingana ndi lamulo la kusunga mphamvu, kusintha kwa mphamvu kumeneku kuli kofanana ndi kukula kwake komanso kosiyana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kutentha muzochitika. Pamene maatomu mu zimene pawiri Yalani kutulutsa latsopano pawiri, zidzachititsa kuti mankhwala mphamvu. Kusintha, kutulutsa exothermic kapena endothermic effect
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2021
