Mātauranga Pūngao Wai

Ngā Kaiwhakarato Pūkaha Hiko Miro 10 o Runga Anei tētahi rārangi 10 o ngā kaiwhakarato pūkaha hiko miro — e aro nui ana ki ngā kaihanga Hainamana e mahi ana i te wāhanga hiko miro/mini (<100 kW). Ka hangaia e ēnei kamupene ngā pūkaha, ngā waeine pūkaha-hiko, me ngā taputapu e pā ana...Pānuihia atu»

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i waenga i te Pelton Turbine Generator me te Turgo Turbine Generator? He turbine whakateretere ngā Pelton me ngā Turgo, arā, ka tangohia e rātou te pūngao mai i te pūngao nekeneke o ngā jet wai tere-rahi, kaua ki te pēhanga. Heoi, he rerekē te hoahoa, te whānuitanga whakahaere, me te whakamahinga noa...Pānuihia atu»

He maha ngā rohe maunga o te ao e raru tonu ana i te korenga o te hiko nā te uaua o te whenua, ngā nohoanga marara, me te iti o te urunga atu ki ngā whatunga hiko ā-motu. I ēnei rohe, he nui te utu, he uaua hoki te hangarau o te whakaroa i ngā raina tuku hiko. Ko te hiko wai e rere ana i te awa ...Pānuihia atu»

Ko te hiko wai iti e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha hiko wai iti, e whakaputa ana i te hiko tae atu ki te 100 kW. Ka whakamahia e ēnei pūnaha te rere maori o te wai i roto i ngā awa, i ngā manga wai, i ngā awa whakamakuku, i ngā paipa tuku wai rānei hei whakaputa hiko ma, pono hoki. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tipu hiko wai nui ...Pānuihia atu»

Ko te teihana hiko wai momo-whakawhiti he momo tipu hiko wai e whakamahi ana i ngā hanganga whakawhiti wai hanga-ā-ringa (pērā i ngā awaawa, ngā kauhanga, me ngā paipa pēhanga) hei whakawhāiti i te rerekētanga teitei tūturu i waenga i ngā wāhanga whakarunga me ngā wāhanga whakararo o te awa, arā,...Pānuihia atu»

Ahakoa ko te pūkaha o te tāpine Francis te wāhi matua mō te huri i te kaha waipēhi ki te mahi miihini, ko te wāhanga nui o te whai huatanga whānui o te tāpine e pā ana ki tētahi wāhanga kei muri i te pūkaha: te ngongo hiko. I roto i te tāpine Francis momo-Forster, he hoahoa...Pānuihia atu»

I tēnei ao e hiahia ana ki te pūngao ma, pono, me te pumau, ka puta a Forster Micro-Hydro Systems hei toa puku engari he toa kaha. I tua atu i te tauine me te pānga taiao o ngā tāhuna nui, ka whakamahia e tā mātou hangarau te rere o te wai, he rere tūturu, hei tuku i te hiko kore-pūmau me te mahi...Pānuihia atu»

He wāhanga nui te pūnaha kawana i roto i te whakaputa hiko wai, e whakahaere ana i te tere o te tāpine me te putanga hiko hohe hei whakautu ki ngā huringa auau whatunga me ngā whakahau tuku. Ko te whanaketanga mai i ngā kawana miihini-waipēhi ki ngā kawana tukatuka-iti e tohu ana i tētahi kaupapa matua...Pānuihia atu»

Ko te hiko wai iti, e tautuhia ana ko ngā tipu me te kaha tae atu ki te 10 megawatts (MW), kei te puta ake hei kaitākaro nui i roto i te whakawhiti o te ao ki tētahi pūnaha hiko ma ake, ā, he pakari ake. Nā tōna kaha ki te whakarato hiko pumau, iti-waro, he mea tino whai hua mō te tautoko whatunga me te r...Pānuihia atu»

1. Ki te kore e pai te pūnaha hiko, ka taea e te teihana hiko te whakaaro ki te whakaweto tika. Ki te turuturu te wai i roto i te arataki, ka taea te kati i te takirere hei whakaiti i te moumou wai i te mahi kore-kawenga. 2. Ka whakanuia te tauwehenga mana o te whakaputa hiko ki te 0.85—0.95, ka whakaiti i te haumitanga...Pānuihia atu»

He mea nui ngā miihini hiko, e huri ana i te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko, ki ngā hanganga hou. Kei roto i tā rātou hanga he hangarau tika me ngā hangarau matatau hei whakarite i te whai huatanga, te pono, me te roa o te ora. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā hangarau whakaputa matua...Pānuihia atu»

Ko te hiko wai tētahi o ngā puna pūngao hou tawhito rawa atu, ā, pono rawa atu hoki o te tangata. I tōna pūtake, he whakamahinga matatau o te ahupūngao taketake, he mekameka tonu o ngā huringa pūngao e whakamahi ana i te huringa wai o te ao hei whakaputa hiko. Ko tēnei tukanga, e...Pānuihia atu»