Me pēhea te mōhio ki te kounga me te pakari
E ai ki tā mātou i whakaatu ai, he māmā, he uaua hoki te pūnaha wai. He māmā noa iho ngā ariā o te mana wai: ko te Upoko me te Rere te pūtake. Engari ko te hoahoa pai e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga hangarau matatau, ā, ko te whakahaere pono e hiahia ana ki te hanganga tupato me ngā wāhanga kounga.
He aha ngā mea e hanga ana i tētahi pūnaha turbine kounga teitei?
Whakaarohia he pūnaha tāpine e pā ana ki te whai huatanga me te pono. I roto i te ao tino pai, ko te whai huatanga he 100%. Ka hurihia te pūngao katoa i roto i te wai ki te pou hurihuri. Kāore he hau, he wai rānei e rere ana, ā, kāore he ātete mai i ngā peera. Ka tino taurite te oma. Kāore ngā tohu o te ngaronga pūngao – te wera, te wiri me te haruru. Ko te tikanga, kāore te tāpine tino pai e pakaru, e hiahiatia rānei te tiaki.
Wira Pelton i hangaia kia tino pai te mīhini
He rerekētanga nui te pai me te pono o ngā wāhanga kounga me te mīhini tupato ki te whai huatanga me te pono o te tāpine.
E kore rawa he pūnaha tāpine e eke ki tēnei taumata tino pai. Engari he mea pai kia maumahara ki ēnei whāinga, nā te mea ko te pai ake o te whai huatanga me te pono ka hua ake he kaha ake me te utu iti iho i ia wati. Anei ētahi o ngā mea hei whakaaroaro māu i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pūnaha tāpine:
Kaiārahi Tīpene
Ko te oma te ngākau o te tāpine. Koinei te wāhi e hurihia ai te mana wai hei kaha hurihuri e akiaki ana i te whakaputa hiko. Ahakoa te momo oma, ko ōna peere, ko ōna mata rānei te kawenga mō te hopu i te kaha nui rawa atu mai i te wai. Ko te piko o ia mata, o mua me muri, e whakatau ana i te āhua o te pana a te wai kia taka atu rā anō. Kia maumahara hoki ka tino whai hua te mahi a tētahi oma i tētahi Upoko me te Rere motuhake. Me ōrite te oma ki ngā āhuatanga o tō papaanga.
Rapua ngā oma whakarewa katoa he maeneene, he kanapa ngā mata hei whakakore i te haruru o te wai me te hau. Ko ngā oma kotahi-wahi, he mea mīhini āta, he pai ake te oma me te pono i ērā kua whakapirihia ngātahi. He pai te mahi a ngā oma parahi konupora mō ngā pūnaha iti me te wai ma, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te hohonu tae atu ki te 500 putu. He pai ngā oma kowiri tira teitei-kukui mō ngā pūnaha nui ake, mō ngā āhuatanga wai pakarukaru rānei. Me āta taurite ngā oma katoa hei whakaiti i te wiri, he raruraru e kore e pā noa ki te pai o te mahi engari ka taea hoki te kino i roto i te wā.
Whare Tāpoi
Me hanga pai te whare tāpine, ā, me pakari hoki, nā te mea ka whakahaere i ngā kaha o te wai e tomo mai ana me te kaha o te pou e puta atu ana. Hei tāpiri, he pānga nui tōna āhua me ōna rahi ki te whai huatanga. Hei tauira, whakaarohia he tāpine momo-Pelton. Hei tāpine whakatere, ka peia e te kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā pupuhi wai, engari ka huri i te hau. Ko te tikanga o tēnei me whai whakaaro ki ngā kaha wai me ngā kaha ā-rangi i roto i te hoahoa o te whare. Me whakaiti i te ātete mai i te pītiti me te rehu, ā, me whakaputa pai i ngā wai hiku, engari me tika te rahi me te āhua hei whakaiti i ngā mate nā te aueue o te hau. Waihoki, me hanga tika ngā whare mō ngā hoahoa Rere-nui pērā i ngā tāpine Crossflow me Francis kia pai ai te rere o te wai nui mā roto i te tāpine me te kore e puta he pōkarekare.
Rapua he whare kua oti te whakarewa kia maeneene, ā, he pai te hono atu ki te kaitahuri tika mō tō papaanga. Kia maumahara ka nui te kaha o te wai me te kaitahuri, nō reira me pakari te rauemi o te whare me ngā taputapu katoa. Me hanga ngā mata e hono ana, pērā i ngā pīrere paipa me ngā taupoki urunga, kia papatahi, kia kore hoki e turuturu. Nā te mea ka waikura, ka waikura hoki te wai, me whakarite kia tiakina ngā mata ngoikore katoa ki te peita paura kounga teitei, ki te peita epoxy rānei. Me hanga ngā pūtu katoa ki te maitai kore waikura.
Ētahi atu Whakaaro mō ngā Turbine
Ka pāngia te whai huatanga o ngā mata katoa e kawe ana i te wai, mai i te puna wai ki tō paipa tae atu ki te ara rere e kawe ana i ngā wai hiku mai i tō whare hiko. Rapua ngā mata maeneene kāore he piko koi. Me mīhini pai ngā jet me ngā vane whakahaere rere, kia kore he ngaru, he poka rānei e kitea ana.
He mea nui te whai huatanga, engari he mea nui anō hoki te pakari me te pono. Me tuku e tō kaupapa hiko wai he hiko ma, kāore he aukati. Ko te kounga o ngā wāhanga – me tō rātou tāutanga – ka pā nui ki te kounga o tō oranga i ngā tau e haere ake nei.
Kia tino tupato te mahi toi i roto i te hoahoa me te hanganga o ngā pūnaha hiri, ngā rauemi me te miihini o te toki, me ngā wāhanga katoa e pā ana. Kia aro nui ki te whiriwhiri me te whakamau i ngā peera; me huri maeneene, me te kore e kuru, e here rānei.
Kaiwhakarato Tīpene
Mō ngā kaiwhakarato, kāore he mea hei whakakapi i te wheako. Ahakoa ka taea te ako i ngā mātāpono o te hiko wai i roto i te whare, ko te wheako o te ao tūturu e ako ana i ngā āhuatanga nui me ngā mahanga o te huri i te wai mai i te awa, te pēhanga i te wai, me te akiaki i te wai mā roto i te tāwhana. He mea tino nui ki a koe te kaiwhakarato tāwhana he maha ngā tau o te wheako ki te mahi i te mara hei hoahoa me te hanga i tō pūnaha wai.
Rapua he kaiwhakarato mātau e tohunga ana ki te rahi me te momo pūnaha wai e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga. Ka mahi tahi tētahi kaiwhakarato pai me koe, mai i ō inenga o te Upoko me te Rere, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te rahi tika o te paipa, te Upoko Kupenga, te Rere Hoahoa, ngā whakatakotoranga tāpine, te pūnaha taraiwa, te whakaputa hiko, me te pūnaha whakahaere kawenga. Me taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki tō kaiwhakarato ki te tuku whakaaro mō te arotau i te whai huatanga me te pono, tae atu ki ōna pānga ki te utu me te mahi.
He hoa mahi tō te kaiwhakarato tāpine pai, ā, me aro nui hoki ki tō angitu. Heoi anō, he mea pai te kiritaki makona mō te pakihi.
Te wā tuku: Mei-24-2021
