ʻO ka turbine Reaction kahi ʻano mīkini hydraulic e hoʻololi i ka ikehu hydraulic i ka ikehu mechanical ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi o ka kahe wai.
(1) Kapili. ʻO nā mea hana nui o ka turbine hopena e pili ana i ka runner, ke keʻena headrace, ka mīkini alakaʻi wai a me ka pahu huki.
1) Holokino. ʻO ka Runner kahi ʻāpana o ka turbine hydraulic e hoʻololi i ka ikehu kahe wai i ka ikehu mechanical rotating. E like me nā kuhikuhi hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu wai, ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā hale holo o nā turbines hopena like ʻole. ʻO Francis turbine runner ka mea i haku ʻia me ka streamline wili ʻia, ka lei huila a me ke apo haʻahaʻa; Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea holo o ka turbine axial-flow me nā lau, ke kino holo, ka cone discharge a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe: paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka holo turbine holo inclined. Hiki ke hoʻololi ke kihi hoʻokomo ʻana me nā kūlana hana a hoʻohālikelike i ka wehe ʻana o ka vane alakaʻi. Hoʻokumu ka laina waena o ka ʻili i kahi kihi oblique (45 ° ~ 60 °) me ke axis o turbine.
2) Keʻena headrace. ʻO kāna hana ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai i ka mīkini alakaʻi wai, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka turbine hydraulic. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pahu spiral metala me ka ʻāpana pōʻai no nā turbines hydraulic nui a me ke poʻo wai ma luna o 50m, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hihia spiral me ka ʻāpana trapezoidal no nā turbines me ke poʻo wai ma lalo o 50m.
3) Mekani alakaʻi wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia me kekahi helu o nā pahu alakaʻi streamlined a me kā lākou mau mīkini ʻōwili i hoʻonohonoho like ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea holo. ʻO kāna hana, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi i ka kahe wai i ka mea holo like, a hoʻololi i ke kahe ʻana o ka turbine hydraulic ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wehe ʻana o ka vane alakaʻi, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi ukana o ka hui generator. Hoʻokani pū ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai ke paʻa loa.
4) Paipu kikoo. ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia kekahi hapa o ka ikehu i koe i ke kahe wai ma ka puka o ka runner. ʻO ka hana o ka paipu huki e hoʻihoʻi i kēia ikehu a hoʻokuʻu i ka wai i lalo. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pahu huki i ke ʻano cone pololei a me ke ʻano curved. ʻO ka mea mua he koena ikehu nui a kūpono no nā turbines liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā tubular; ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hana hydraulic o ka hope e like me ka cone pololei, he liʻiliʻi ka hohonu o ka ʻeli ʻana, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka turbine reaction nui a me waena.
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(2) Hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka turbine hopena i Francis turbine, diagonal turbine, axial turbine a me tubular turbine e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka kahe wai e hele ana ma ka ʻili o ka mea holo.
1) ʻO Francis turbine. ʻO Francis (radial axial flow a i ʻole Francis) turbine he ʻano o ka turbine hopena kahi e kahe ai ka wai a puni ka mea holo a kahe axially. ʻO kēia ʻano turbine he ākea ākea o ke poʻo kūpono (30 ~ 700m), ke ʻano maʻalahi, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka turbine Francis nui loa i hana ʻia ma Kina ʻo ia ka turbine o Ertan Hydropower Plant, me ka mana hoʻopuka helu ʻia o 582mw a me ka mana hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe o 621 MW.
2) Axial kahe uila. ʻO ka turbine kahe axial kahi ʻano o ka turbine hopena kahi e kahe ai ka wai i loko a i waho o ka mea holo axially. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano turbine i ke ʻano propeller paʻa (ʻano propeller screw) a me ke ʻano propeller rotary (ʻano Kaplan). Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻili o ka mua a hiki i nā lau o ka hope ke hoʻololi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka turbine axial-flow ma mua o ka turbine Francis. No ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi ke kūlana blade o ka turbine rotor me ka hoʻololi o ka ukana, he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi i ka nui o ka loli ukana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa cavitation a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka turbine axial-flow ma mua o ka turbine Francis, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano. I kēia manawa, ua hiki ke poʻo kūpono o kēia ʻano turbine ma mua o 80m.
3) ʻO ka turbine tubular. ʻO ke kahe o ka wai o kēia ʻano turbine e kahe axial mai ke kahe axial i ka mea kukini, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi ma mua a ma hope o ka mea kukini. ʻO ke poʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 3 ~ 20.. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe fuselage liʻiliʻi, nā kūlana kahe wai maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻenekinia nui, haʻahaʻa kumu kūʻai, ʻaʻohe volute a curved draft tube, a ʻo ka lalo o ke poʻo wai, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o kona mau pono.
E like me ka pilina a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka generator, ua māhele ʻia ka turbine tubular i ke ʻano tubular piha a me ke ʻano semi tubular. Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke ʻano semi tubular i ke ʻano puʻupuʻu, ʻano shaft a me shaft extension type, i waena o ka ʻano hoʻonui shaft i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano inclined shaft a me ka shaft horizontal. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia he ʻano tubular bulb, shaft extension type a me shaft type, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano shaft no nā ʻāpana nui a me waena.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hana o ka axial extension tubular unit ma waho o ke kahawai wai, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana me ka turbine wai me kahi lāʻau lōʻihi a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ākea. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano o kēia ʻano hoʻonui shaft ma mua o ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu.
4) ʻO ka turbine kahe diagonal. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui o ke kahe diagonal (kahi i ʻike ʻia he diagonal) turbine aia ma waena o Francis a me ke kahe axial. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ʻo ia ka laina waena o ka maka holo holo ma kekahi kihi me ka laina waena o ka turbine. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka pahu i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, no laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea pale hōʻailona axial displacement i ka lua o ka hale e pale ai i ka hui ʻana ma waena o ka lau a me ke keʻena holo. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka turbine kahe diagonal he 25 ~ 200m.
I kēia manawa, ʻo 215MW ka mana hoʻopuka helu hoʻokahi nui loa o ka turbine inclined drop (Uni Soviet mua), a ʻo ke poʻo hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe ʻo 136m (Iapana).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-01-2021
