I-Reaction turbine iwuhlobo lwemishini esebenza ngamanzi eguqula amandla adonswa ngamanzi abe amandla omshini ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela kokugeleza kwamanzi.
(1) Isakhiwo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo se-reaction turbine zifaka umgijimi, i-headrace chamber, indlela yokuqondisa amanzi kanye neshubhu esalungiswa.
1) Umgijimi. I-Runner iyingxenye ye-hydraulic turbine eguqula amandla okugeleza kwamanzi abe amandla ajikelezayo emishini. Ngokwezikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukene zokuguqula amandla amanzi, izakhiwo zokugijima zamaturbine ahlukahlukene okusabela nazo zihlukile. Umgijimi we-Francis turbine wakhiwe ngezindwani ezisontekile ezilula, umqhele wamasondo nendandatho engezansi; Umgijimi we-axial-flow turbine wakhiwe ngama-blades, umzimba womgijimi, ikhoni yokukhipha nezinye izinto eziyinhloko: ukwakheka komgijimi we-turbine othambekele ekugelezeni kuyinkimbinkimbi. I-engeli yokubeka i-blade ingashintsha nezimo zokusebenza futhi ihambisane nokuvulwa kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela. Umugqa omaphakathi wokuzungezisa we-blade wenza i-engeli etshekile (45 ° ~ 60 °) ne-eksisi ye-turbine.
2) Igumbi le-Headrace. Umsebenzi wawo ukwenza amanzi ageleze ngokulinganayo emshinini wokuqondisa amanzi, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic turbine. Ikesi le-Metal spiral elinesigaba esiyindilinga livame ukusetshenziselwa amaturbine amakhulu naphakathi nendawo anekhanda lamanzi ngaphezu kwama-50m, kanti ikesi elivunguzayo likakhonkolo elinengxenye ye-trapezoidal livame ukusetshenziselwa izinjini zomoya ezinekhanda lamanzi ngaphansi kwama-50m.
3) Indlela yokuqondisa amanzi. Ivamise ukwakhiwa ngenani elithile lama-vanes omhlahlandlela kanye nezindlela zawo ezizungezisayo ezihlelwe ngokufana emaphethelweni omgijimi. Umsebenzi wawo ukuqondisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kumgijimi ngokulinganayo, nokuguqula ukugeleza kwe-hydraulic turbine ngokulungisa ukuvuleka kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomthwalo weyunithi ye-generator. Iphinde idlale indima yokuvala amanzi uma ivalwe ngokugcwele.
4) I-tube yokusalungiswa. Ingxenye yamandla asele ekugelezeni kwamanzi endaweni yokugijima ayikaze isetshenziswe. Umsebenzi weshubhu elisalungiswa uwukubuyisela la mandla nokukhipha amanzi ezansi nomfula. I-draft tube ingahlukaniswa ibe yisimo se-cone esiqondile kanye nesimo esigobile. Eyangaphambili ine-coefficient yamandla amakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ifanele ama-turbine amancane avundlile namashubhu; Nakuba ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic yakamuva kungekuhle njengalokho kwekhoni eqondile, ukujula kokumba kuncane, futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-turbine yokusabela enkulu nemaphakathi.
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(2) Ukwahlukanisa. I-turbine yokusabela ihlukaniswe yaba yi-Francis turbine, i-diagonal turbine, i-axial turbine kanye ne-tubular turbine ngokuya ngesiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi adlula ku-shaft surface yomgijimi.
1) Francis turbine. I-Francis (i-radial axial flow noma i-Francis) i-turbine iwuhlobo lwe-reaction turbine lapho amanzi ageleza khona ngokuzungeza umgijimi futhi ageleza nge-axially. Lolu hlobo lwe-turbine lunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zekhanda elisebenzayo (30 ~ 700m), isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi. I-turbine enkulu kaFrancis esike yasebenza e-China yi-turbine ye-Ertan Hydropower Plant, enamandla okukhipha amandla angu-582mw kanye namandla amakhulu okukhipha angu-621 MW.
2) I-Axial flow turbine. I-Axial flow turbine iwuhlobo lwe-reaction turbine lapho amanzi ageleza engena futhi ephuma kumgijimi nge-axially. Lolu hlobo lwe-turbine luhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-propeller engashintshi (uhlobo lwe-screw propeller) kanye nohlobo lwe-rotary propeller (uhlobo lwe-Kaplan). Izindwani zangaphambili zilungisiwe futhi izindwani zamuva zingajikeleza. Amandla okukhipha e-axial-flow turbine makhulu kunalawo e-Francis turbine. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo ye-blade ye-rotor turbine ingashintsha ngokushintsha komthwalo, inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu ebangeni elikhulu lokushintsha komthwalo. Ukumelana ne-cavitation namandla emishini ye-axial-flow turbine kubi kakhulu kune-Francis turbine, futhi isakhiwo sibuye siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengamanje, inhloko esebenzayo yalolu hlobo lwe-turbine isifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-80m.
3) I-Tubular turbine. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwalolu hlobo lwe-turbine kugeleza nge-axial kusuka ekugelezeni kwe-axial kuya kumgijimi, futhi akukho ukujikeleza ngaphambi nangemva komgijimi. Ibanga lekhanda elisetshenziswayo liyi-3 ~ 20 .. Inezinzuzo zokuphakama kwe-fuselage encane, izimo ezinhle zokugeleza kwamanzi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ubuningi bobunjiniyela bomphakathi obuphansi, izindleko eziphansi, i-tube yokusalungiswa e-volute futhi egobile, futhi lapho ikhanda lamanzi liphansi, izinzuzo zalo zisobala.
Ngokuya ngemodi yokuxhuma neyokudlulisa yejeneretha, i-turbine ye-tubular ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo olugcwele lwamashubhu kanye nohlobo lwe-semi tubular. Uhlobo lwe-semi tubular luphinde luhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-bulb, uhlobo lwe-shaft kanye nohlobo lokunwetshwa kwe-shaft, phakathi kwalo uhlobo lokunwetshwa kwe-shaft luhlukaniswe ku-shaft ethambekele kanye ne-horizontal shaft. Njengamanje, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-bulb tubular, uhlobo lwe-shaft extension kanye nohlobo lwe-shaft, olusetshenziselwa kakhulu amayunithi amancane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhlobo lwe-shaft lusetshenziselwa amayunithi amakhulu naphakathi.
I-generator ye-axial extension tubular unit ifakwe ngaphandle kwesiteshi samanzi, futhi i-generator ixhunywe ne-turbine yamanzi ene-shaft ethambekele ende noma i-shaft evundlile. Isakhiwo salolu hlobo lwesandiso se-shaft silula kunohlobo lwe-bulb.
4) I-Diagonal flow turbine. Isakhiwo nosayizi wokugeleza kwe-diagonal (owaziwa nangokuthi i-diagonal) i-turbine iphakathi kuka-Francis nokugeleza kwe-axial. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi umugqa omaphakathi we-runner blade use-engeli ethile nomugqa omaphakathi we-turbine. Ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo, iyunithi ayivunyelwe ukucwila ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke idivayisi yokuvikela isignali ye-axial displacement ifakwe esakhiweni sesibili ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-blade negumbi lomgijimi. Uhlu lwekhanda elisetshenziswayo le-diagonal flow turbine lingama-25 ~ 200m.
Njengamanje, iyunithi eyodwa enkulu kakhulu elinganiselwe amandla okukhipha i-turbine eyehlayo emhlabeni ingu-215MW (owayeyiSoviet Union), kanti inhloko yokusetshenziswa ephezulu kakhulu ingu-136m (Japan).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2021
