Esihlokweni sokugcina, sethule isinqumo se-DC AC. "impi" yaphela ngokunqoba kwe-AC. ngakho-ke, i-AC yazuza intwasahlobo yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe futhi yaqala ukuthatha imakethe eyayikade isetshenziswa yi-DC. Ngemuva kwale “mpi”, i-DC kanye ne-AC baqhudelana esiteshini sikagesi esiphehlwa ngamanzi e-Adams e-Niagara Falls.
Ngo-1890, i-United States yakha isiteshi sikagesi sase-Niagara Falls Adams. Ukuze kuhlolwe izikimu ezehlukene ze-AC ne-DC, kwasungulwa Ikhomishini Yamandla Yase-Niagara kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe. U-Westinghouse no-Ge babambe iqhaza emqhudelwaneni. Ekugcineni, nedumela layo elikhulayo ngemva kokunqoba kwempi ye-AC / DC kanye namakhono eqembu lososayensi abavelele abafana noTesla, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kokudluliswa kwe-AC eGreat Barrington ngo-1886 kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-alternator endaweni yamandla kagesi e-larffen eJalimane, iWestinghouse yagcina iphumelele inkontileka yokukhiqiza ye-10 5000P hydrogenerator AC hydrogenerator. Ngo-1894, i-5000P yokuqala ye-hydro generator yesiteshi sikagesi sase-Niagara Falls Adams yazalwa e-Westinghouse. Ngo-1895, iyunithi yokuqala yaqala ukusebenza. Ekwindla ka-1896, amandla ashintshanayo ezigaba ezimbili akhiqizwa ijeneretha yaguqulwa yaba yizigaba ezintathu nge-Scot transformer, yase idluliselwa e-Baffalo 40km kude ngohlelo lokudlulisela lwezigaba ezintathu.
I-hydro generator yesiteshi sikagesi sase-Adams e-Niagara Falls yaklanywa u-BG lamme (1884-1924), unjiniyela omkhulu wase-Westinghouse, ngokwelungelo lobunikazi lika-Tesla, kanye nodadewabo u-B. lamme nabo babambe iqhaza kulo mklamo. Iyunithi iqhutshwa yi-fournellon turbine (umgijimi ophindwe kabili, ngaphandle kweshubhu esalungiswa), futhi ijeneretha iyijeneretha ye-synchronous yezigaba ezimbili eqondile, 5000hp, 2000V, 25Hz, 250r / mln. Ijeneretha inezici ezilandelayo;
(1) Umthamo omkhulu nosayizi omude. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umthamo weyunithi eyodwa ye-hydro generator awuzange udlule i-1000 HPA. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-5000bp hydro generator esiteshini se-Adar hydropower e-Niagara Falls kwakungeyona nje ijeneretha enkulu kakhulu ye-hydro enomthamo weyunithi eyodwa emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-hydro generator kusukela kwencane kuya enkulu.
(2) Ikhondatha yezikhali ivalwe nge-mica okokuqala ngqa.
(3) Ezinye izinhlobo zesakhiwo eziyisisekelo zamajeneretha amanzi anamuhla ziyasetshenziswa, njengesakhiwo esivaliwe sesambulela esime mpo. Amasethi okuqala angu-8 awesakhiwo lapho izigxobo kazibuthe zime ngaphandle (uhlobo lwe-pivot), futhi amasethi amabili okugcina ashintshwa abe esakhiweni esivamile samanje lapho izigxobo kazibuthe zizungeza ngaphakathi (uhlobo lwensimu).
(4) Imodi yokuvusa ehlukile. Eyokuqala isebenzisa amandla e-DC akhiqizwa ijeneretha ye-DC steam eseduze ukuze ijabulise. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu, wonke amayunithi azosebenzisa amajeneretha amancane e-DC hydro njengama-exciter.
(5) Imvamisa ye-25Hz yamukelwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga le-Ying lase-United States lalixube kakhulu, lisuka ku-16.67hz liya ku-1000fhz. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kanye nokuyekethisa, i-25Hz yamukelwa. Le mvamisa isiphenduke imvamisa ejwayelekile kwezinye izingxenye ze-United States isikhathi eside.
(6) Esikhathini esidlule, ugesi ophehlwa yimpahla yokuphehla ugesi wawusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhanyisa, kuyilapho ugesi ophehlwa yisiteshi sikagesi saseNiagara Falls Adams wawusetshenziselwa kakhulu amandla ezimboni.
(7) Ukuhanjiswa kwezentengiselwano okude kwezigaba ezintathu ze-AC kuye kwabonakala okokuqala, okudlale indima eyisibonelo ekudluliselweni nasekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwezigaba ezintathu ze-AC. ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza, amayunithi angu-10 5000bp akhiqiza injini yamanzi esiteshi sikagesi sase-Adams avuselelwe ngokuphelele futhi ashintshwa. Wonke amayunithi ayi-10 ashintshiwe kwafakwa amayunithi amasha we-1000HP ne-1200V, futhi enye iyunithi entsha ye-5000P ifakiwe, ukuze umthamo ofakiwe wesiteshi samandla ufinyelele ku-105000hp.
Impi ye-AC eqondile ye-hydro generator ekugcineni yanqotshwa yi-AC. Kusukela lapho, ubungqabavu be-DC bulimele kakhulu, futhi i-AC isiqalile ukucula nokuhlasela emakethe, okuphinde kwabeka ithoni yokuthuthukiswa kwamajeneretha e-hydro esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isici esimangalisayo sesiteji sokuqala ukuthi amajeneretha e-DC hydro asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zama-DC hydro motors. Enye ijeneretha ene-low-voltage. Amajeneretha amabili axhunywe ochungechungeni futhi ashayelwa i-turbine eyodwa. Eyesibili i-high-voltage generator, okuyi-pivot ephindwe kabili kanye ne-double pole generator eyabelana ngeshaft eyodwa. Imininingwane izokwethulwa esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-13-2021
