Ulwazi olusisiseko ngombane wamanzi kunye nomatshini wokuvelisa amanzi

1. Ulwahlulo lomthamo kunye nomgangatho wejenereyitha yamanzi
Okwangoku, akukho mgangatho udibeneyo wokuhlelwa komthamo kunye nesantya sejenereyitha yamanzi ehlabathini. Ngokwemeko yaseTshayina, umthamo kunye nesantya sayo zinokwahlulwa ngokwetafile elandelayo:
Uhlu lwamandla alinganisiweyo e-PN (kw) isantya esilinganisiweyo se-NN (R / min);
Isantya esiphantsi, isantya esiphakathi kunye nesantya esiphezulu;
Ijenereyitha yamanzi encinci < 100 750-1500;
Ijenereyitha encinci yamanzi 100-500 < 375-600 750-1500;
Ijenereyitha yamanzi ephakathi 500-10000 < 375-600 750-1500; Ijenereyitha yamanzi enkulu > 10000 < 100-375 > 375;

2, Uhlobo lolwakhiwo lomatshini wokufaka i-hydro generator
Ulwakhiwo lokufakelwa kwejenereyitha yamanzi ludla ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-hydraulic turbine. Kukho iintlobo ezilandelayo ikakhulu:

1) Ulwakhiwo oluthe tye
Iijenereyitha zamanzi ezinesakhiwo esithe tyaba zihlala ziqhutywa zii-implife turbines. Iiyunithi ze-turbine zamanzi ezithe tyaba zihlala zisebenzisa ii-bearings ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ulwakhiwo lwee-bearings ezimbini luneengenelo zobude obufutshane be-axial, isakhiwo esincinci kunye nokufakelwa kunye nokulungiswa okulula. Nangona kunjalo, xa isantya esibalulekileyo sokutsala singahlangabezani neemfuno okanye umthwalo we-bearings mkhulu, ulwakhiwo lwee-bearings ezintathu kufuneka lwamkelwe. Uninzi lweeyunithi zejenereyitha ze-hydraulic turbine zasekhaya zezeyunithi ezincinci neziphakathi. Iiyunithi ezinkulu ezithe tyaba ezinomthamo we-12.5mw nazo ziyaveliswa. Iiyunithi zejenereyitha zamanzi ezithe tyaba eziveliswa kwamanye amazwe azinqabile ezinomthamo we-60-70mw, ngelixa iiyunithi zejenereyitha zamanzi ezithe tyaba ezinezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezipompelweyo zinokuba nomthamo weyunithi enye we-300MW.

2) Ulwakhiwo oluthe nkqo
Isakhiwo esime nkqo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiyunithi zejenereyitha yamanzi zasekhaya. Iiyunithi zejenereyitha yamanzi ezime nkqo zihlala ziqhutywa yiFrancis okanye ii-axial-flow turbines. Isakhiwo esime nkqo sinokwahlulwa sibe luhlobo lokumiswa kunye nohlobo lwesambrela. I-thrust bearing yejenereyitha ekwinxalenye ephezulu ye-rotor ibizwa ngokuba luhlobo olumiswe nkqo, kwaye i-thrust bearing ekwinxalenye esezantsi ye-rotor ibizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwesambrela.

3) Ulwakhiwo lweTubular
Iyunithi yejenereyitha yeturbine etyhubhu iqhutywa yiturbine etyhubhu. Iturbine etyhubhu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweturbine ehamba nge-axial ene-runner blades ezizinzileyo okanye ezihlengahlengiswayo. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba i-runner axis icwangciswe ngokuthe tye okanye ngokugobile, kwaye icala lokuhamba lihambelana nelombhobho wokungena kunye nombhobho wokuphuma weturbine. I-Tubular Hydrogenerator inezibonelelo zesakhiwo esincinci kunye nobunzima obulula. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla ezinentloko yamanzi ephantsi.

3, Izixhobo zesakhiwo sejenereyitha yamanzi
Ijenereyitha ye-hydro ethe nkqo ibandakanya ikakhulu i-stator, i-rotor, ifreyimu ephezulu, ifreyimu esezantsi, i-thrust bearing, i-guide bearing, i-air cooler kunye ne-permanent magnet turbine.