Pasi rose, magwenya emagetsi anogadzira magetsi anosvika zvikamu makumi maviri nezvina kubva muzana zvepasi rose uye anopa vanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe magetsi. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvepasi rose zvinoburitsa huwandu hwakabatanidzwa hwe675,000 megawatts, simba rakaenzana nemabhiriyoni 3.6 emadhiramu emafuta, sekureva kweNational Renewable Energy Laboratory. Kune anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvehydropower zvirimwa zvinoshanda muUnited States, kugadzira hydropopopower iyo yakakura yenyika inotsvuka simba simba.
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa kuti mvura inodonha inogadzira sei simba uye tidzidze nezve hydrologic cycle inogadzira kuyerera kwemvura kwakakosha kune hydropower. Iwe zvakare unozowana tarisiro pane imwe yakasarudzika application yehydropower iyo inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.
Paunenge uchiona rwizi ruchidziro ne, zvakaoma kufungidzira simba raitakura. Kana iwe wakambove wakambove wakachena-machena-machena mvura, wobva wanzwa chikamu chidiki chesimba rerwizi. Mvura yakachena-yemvura inogadzirwa serwizi, inotakura mvura yakawanda ichidzika pasi, mabhodhoro kuburikidza nemugwagwa wakamanikana. Sezvo rwizi rwunomanikidzwa kubudikidza nekuvhura uku, kuyerera kwaro kunokanganisa. Mafashama ndemumwe muenzaniso wekumanikidza yakawanda sei huwandu hwemvura inogona kuve naro.
Zvidyarwa zveHydropower zvinoshandisa simba remvura uye zvinoshandisa makanika ari nyore kushandura simba iroro kuita magetsi. Zvidyarwa zveHydropower zvakavakirwa papfungwa iri nyore - mvura inoyerera nemudhamu inoshandura turbine, inoshandura jenareta.
Hezvino izvo zvakakosha zveyakajairwa hydropower chirimwa:
Dhamu - Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinotsamira padhamu rinochengeta mvura, zvichigadzira dziva rakakura. Kazhinji, dhamu iri rinoshandiswa sedhamu rekutandara, seLake Roosevelt paGrand Coulee Dam muWashington State.
Kutora - Magedhi padhamu akavhurika uye giravhiti inodhonza mvura kuburikidza nepeni, pombi inotungamira kune turbine. Mvura inovaka kudzvinyirira sezvo inoyerera kuburikidza nepombi iyi.
Turbine - Mvura inorova uye inoshandura mashizha makuru eturbine, anosungirirwa kune jenareta pamusoro payo nenzira ye shaft. Rudzi rweturbine rinonyanya kuzivikanwa pazvidyarwa zvehydropower iFrancis Turbine, inoita sedhisiki hombe rine mablades akakombama. Tubhini inogona kurema kusvika matani zana nemakumi manomwe nembiri uye kutendeuka pamwero we90 revolutions paminiti (rpm), maererano neSangano reMvura & Nesimba Dzidzo (FWEE).
Majenareta - Sezvo mashizha eturbine anotendeuka, saka ita nhevedzano yemagineti mukati mejenareta. Giant magnets anotenderera yapfuura marara emhangura, achigadzira kuchinjisa zvazvino (ac) nekufambisa elekroni. (Uchadzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro anoita jenareta gare gare.)
Transformer - Iyo inoshandura mukati meimba yemagetsi inotora iyo AC uye inoishandura kune yakakwirira-voltage ikozvino.
Tambo dzemagetsi - Kubva pamagetsi ese anobuda waya ina: zvikamu zvitatu zvesimba zviri kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete pamwe nekusarerekera kana pasi kunowanikwa kune ese matatu. (Verenga Mashandiro EMagetsi Ekugovera Magetsi kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekufambiswa kwetambo dzemagetsi.)
Kubuda kunze - Mvura yakashandiswa inotakurwa nemapaipi, inonzi tailraces, uye inopindazve murwizi zasi kwerwizi.
Mvura iri mudura inoonekwa sesimba rakachengetwa. Kana magedhi akavhurika, mvura inoyerera ichipfuura nepakati penytock inova yeKinetic simba nekuti iri kufamba. Iyo huwandu hwemagetsi iyo inogadzirwa inotemerwa nezvikamu zvinoverengeka. Zviviri zvezvinhu izvo ndizvo zvinyorwa zvekuyerera kwemvura uye huwandu hwemusoro we hydraulic. Musoro unoreva chinhambwe pakati pemvura yemvura uye nhandare. Semusoro uye kuyerera kuwedzera, ndizvo zvinoita magetsi anogadzirwa. Musoro unowanzotsamira pane huwandu hwemvura mune reservoir.
Pane imwe mhando yemagetsi emagetsi, inonzi pumped-storage plant. Mune yakajairika hydropower chirimwa, mvura kubva mudziva inoyerera nemuchirimwa, ichibuda uye inotakurwa ichidzika nerukova. Pombi-yekuchengetera chirimwa chine matura maviri:
Upper reservoir - Kufanana neyakajairwa hydropower chirimwa, dhamu rinogadzira dhamu. Mvura iri mudhamu iri inoyerera nemugetsi remagetsi inogadzira magetsi.
Reservesvo Reservoir - Mvura inobuda iyo hydropower chirimwa inoyerera mune yakaderera reservoir pane kupinza rwizi uye kuyerera kuyerera.
Uchishandisa turbine inodzoreredzwa, chirimwa chinogona kupomba mvura ichidzokera kudhamu repamusoro. Izvi zvinoitwa mu-off-peak hours. Chaizvoizvo, dudziro yechipiri inozadza iyo yekumusoro reservoir. Nekupomba mvura kudzokera kune yekumusoro reservoir, chirimwa chine mvura yakawanda yekugadzira magetsi panguva dzekupindwa kwepasirese.
Jenereta
Mwoyo weiyo hydroelectric yemagetsi chirimwa ndiye jenareta. Mazhinji hydropower zvidyarwa ane akati wandei evako evaGentery.
Jenareta, sezvaungave wakafungidzira, inogadzira magetsi. Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi nenzira iyi ndeyekutenderedza akatevedzana magineti mukati memakoiri ewaya. Iyi process inounza ma elekitori, ayo anogadzira zvemagetsi zvazvino.
Damu reHoover rine majenareta anokwana gumi nemanomwe, rimwe nerimwe richikwanisa kugadzira mamegawati anosvika zana nemakumi matatu nematatu. Iyo yakazara kugona kweiyo hover Dam Hydropower chirimwa chine 2,074 megawatts. Jenareta imwe neimwe inogadzirwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha:
Shaft
Excitor
Rotor
Stator
Sezvo turbine inotendeuka, iyo excitor inotumira magetsi kune rotor. Iyo rotor yakateedzana yemhando huru electromagns iyo inosanganisirwa mukati mekono yemurungudhi waya yemhangura, inonzi mutambi. Iyo magnetic field pakati pekoiri nemagineti inogadzira magetsi emagetsi.
MuDamu reHoover, ikozvino ye16,500 amps inofamba kubva kune jenareta ichienda kune transformer, uko ikozvino ramps inosvika 230,000 amps isati yatumirwa.
Zvigadzirwa zveHydropower zvinotora mukana wezvinongoitika, zvinoramba zvichiitika - maitiro anoita kuti mvura inaye uye nzizi dzisimuke. Zuva rega rega, pasi redu rinorasikirwa nehuwandu hwemvura kuburikidza nemhepo sezvo mwaranzi yeultraviolet inopwanya mamorekuru emvura. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, mvura itsva inobudiswa kubva mukati mePasi kuburikidza nekuputika kwemakomo. Kuwanda kwemvura yakagadzirwa uye huwandu hwemvura yakarasika inenge yakafanana.
Pane chero nguva imwe nguva, huwandu hwenyika hwese hwemvura iri mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Inogona kuva mvura, semumakungwa, nzizi uye mvura; yakasimba, semumazaya echando; kana gasi, semumhute isingaoneki yemvura iri mumhepo. Mvura inochinja nyika sezvainotenderera pasirese nemhepo. Mhepo mhepo inogadzirwa neyekupisa basa rezuva. Kutenderera kwemhepo kunogadzirwa nezuva rinopenya zvakanyanya paequator pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
Mhepo-dziripo dzinotenderera dzinofambisa mvura yemvura kuburikidza nedenderedzwa rayo, inonzi iyo hydrologic kutenderera. Sezvo zuva rinotsika mvura mvura, iyo mvura inoputika mumpor mumhepo. Zuva rinopisa mhepo, zvichiita kuti mweya ukwire mumhepo. Mhepo inotonhora kumusoro, saka sezvo iyo Mvura yemvura ikasimuka, inotonhorera, inotonhorera mumadonhwe. Kana madonhwe akakwana akaungana munzvimbo imwe, madonhwe anogona kurema zvekudzokera kuPasi sekunaya.
Iyo hydrologic kutenderera kwakakosha kune hydropower zvidyarwa nekuti zvinoenderana nekuyerera kwemvura. Kana pakashaikwa mvura pedyo nechirimwa, mvura haiunganidzi kumusoro kwerwizi. Pasina mvura inounganidza parukova, mvura shoma inoyerera nemugetsi regetsi uye magetsi mashoma anogadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-07-2021
