Ukusebenza okungazinzanga kweyunithi yeinjini ye-hydraulic turbine kuya kukhokelela kungcangcazelo lweyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi. Xa ukungcangcazela kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit kubi, kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi kwaye kuchaphazele nokhuseleko lwaso sonke isityalo. Ke ngoko, imilinganiselo yozinzo yokuphucula i-hydraulic turbine ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngawaphi amanyathelo okuphucula akhoyo?
1) Ukwandisa ngokuqhubekayo uyilo lwe-hydraulic ye-iturbine yamanzi, uphucule uyilo lwayo lokusebenza kuyilo lwe-iturbine yamanzi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweinjini yamanzi. Ke ngoko, kumsebenzi woyilo wokwenyani, abaqulunqi akufuneki nje ukuba babe nolwazi oluluqilima lobuchwephesha, kodwa bazama nokwandisa uyilo oludityaniswe namava abo omsebenzi.
Okwangoku, i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kunye novavanyo lwemodeli zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kwinqanaba loyilo, umyili kufuneka adibanise amava omsebenzi, asebenzise i-CFD kunye novavanyo lwemodeli emsebenzini, aqhubeke nokwandisa isikhokelo se-vane airfoil, i-airfoil yembaleki kunye ne-cone yokukhupha, kwaye uzame ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwe-amplitude yedrafti yetyhubhu. Okwangoku, akukho mgangatho odibeneyo woluhlu lwe-amplitude yedrafti yokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwetyhubhu kwihlabathi. Ngokubanzi, isantya esijikelezayo sesikhululo samandla aphezulu sisezantsi kwaye i-amplitude ye-vibration incinci, kodwa isantya esikhethekileyo sesikhululo samandla esisezantsi siphezulu kwaye i-amplitude yoxinzelelo lwe-fluctuation inkulu kakhulu.
2) Ukuqinisa ulawulo lomgangatho weemveliso ze-injini yamanzi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokulondoloza. Kwinqanaba loyilo lwe-hydraulic turbine, ukomeleza ulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso ye-hydraulic turbine ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula uzinzo lokusebenza kwayo. Ke ngoko, okokuqala, ukuqina kweendawo zokuhamba okuhambayo kwi-injini ye-hydraulic turbine kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ukonakala kwayo phantsi kwentshukumo yoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Ukongeza, umyili kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-resonance yedrafti yetyhubhu frequency yendalo kunye ne-frequency ye-flow vortex band kunye ne-runner frequency yendalo kumthwalo ophantsi.
Ukongezelela, inxalenye yenguqu ye-blade kufuneka iyilwe ngokwesayensi. Ukuqiniswa kwendawo yengcambu ye-blade, indlela yokuhlalutya into enqamlekileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Kwinqanaba lokuvelisa umgijimi, inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokungqongqo kufuneka yamkelwe, kwaye insimbi engenasici kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Okokugqibela, isoftware enemacala amathathu kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuyila imodeli yembaleki kunye nokulawula ubukhulu beblade. Emva kokuba umgijimi eqhutywe, uvavanyo lwebhalansi luya kwenziwa ukuphepha ukuphambuka kobunzima kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngcono umgangatho we-hydraulic turbine, ukugcinwa kwayo kamva kufuneka kuqiniswe.
Le yeminye imilinganiselo yokwenziwa kozinzo lweyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi. Ukulungelelaniswa kozinzo lwe-hydraulic turbine, kufuneka siqale ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuyila, sidibanise imeko yangempela kunye namava omsebenzi, kwaye sihlale siphucula kwaye siphucule kuvavanyo lwemodeli. Ukongeza, ngawaphi amanyathelo esinawo okwandisa uzinzo olusetyenziswayo? Masiqhubeke kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Indlela yokuphucula kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza kweeyunithi ze-hydro generator ezisetyenziswayo.
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-injini ye-injini yamanzi, ii-blades zayo, imbaleki kunye namanye amacandelo aya kuthi ngcembe ahlupheke kwi-cavitation kunye ne-abrasion. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa kunye nokulungisa i-injini yamanzi rhoqo. Okwangoku, eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokulungisa ekugcinweni kwe-hydraulic turbine kukulungisa i-welding. Kumsebenzi othile wokulungisa i-welding, kufuneka sisoloko sinikela ingqalelo kwi-deformation yamacandelo akhubazekileyo. Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokulungisa i-welding ugqityiwe, kufuneka kwakhona siqhube uvavanyo olungonakalisi kwaye sicoce umphezulu ogudileyo.
Ukomeleza ulawulo lwemihla ngemihla lwesikhululo sombane wamanzi kulungele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
① Ukusebenza kweeyunithi zeinjini yeinjini yamanzi kuya kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yesizwe efanelekileyo. Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower ngokubanzi zinomsebenzi wokumodareyitha rhoqo kunye nokutsheva okuphezulu kwinkqubo. Ngexesha elifutshane, iiyure zokusebenza ngaphandle koluhlu lokusebenza oluqinisekisiweyo alunakuphepheka. Kumsebenzi owenziwayo, iiyure zokusebenza ngaphandle koluhlu lokusebenza kufuneka zilawulwe malunga ne-5% kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
② Phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza yeyunithi ye-injini yeinjini yamanzi, indawo yokungcangcazela kufuneka iphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-Francis turbine jikelele inezowuni enye yokungcangcazela okanye iindawo ezimbini zokungcangcazela, ngoko ke kwinqanaba lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kwe turbine, indlela yokuwela inokwamkelwa ukunqanda indawo yokungcangcazela kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukongezelela, kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla weyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi, inani lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kufuneka lincitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yokuqalisa rhoqo kunye nokuvalwa, isantya se-injini yomoya kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi luya kutshintsha ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye le nto ayilunganga kakhulu kuzinzo lweyunithi.
③ Kwixesha elitsha, inzululwazi neteknoloji zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wezikhululo zombane wamanzi, iindlela zokubona eziphambili kufuneka kwakhona zisetyenziswe ukujonga imeko yokusebenza kweeyunithi ze-injini ye-injini yamanzi ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-injini yamanzi.
Le yimilinganiselo yokwandisa uzinzo lweeyunithi ze-hydro generator. Kufezekiso olululo lwamanyathelo okuphucula, kufuneka siyilwe ngokwenzululwazi nangengqiqo isikimu sokwandisa ngokwemeko yethu yokwenyani. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokulungiswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa, qaphela ukuba kukho iingxaki kwi-stator, rotor kunye nesikhokelo sokuhambisa iyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi, ukuze ugweme ukungcangcazela kweyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2021
