Ukusebenza okungazinzile kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine kuzoholela ekudlidlizeni kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine.Uma ukudlidliza kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine kukubi, kuzoba nemiphumela emibi futhi kuthinte nokuphepha kwaso sonke isitshalo.Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokwenza kahle ukuqina kwe-hydraulic turbine zibaluleke kakhulu.Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezikhona?
1) Ngokuqhubekayo uthuthukise idizayini ye-hydraulic ye-turbine yamanzi, uthuthukise ukwakheka kwayo kokusebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-turbine yamanzi, futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-turbine yamanzi.Ngakho-ke, emsebenzini wangempela wokuklama, abaklami abadingi nje kuphela ukuba nolwazi oluqinile lochwepheshe, kodwa futhi balwela ukuthuthukisa umklamo ohlangene nolwazi lwabo lomsebenzi.
Njengamanje, i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kanye nokuhlolwa kwemodeli kusetshenziswa kabanzi.Esigabeni sokuklama, umklami kufanele ahlanganise isipiliyoni somsebenzi, asebenzise i-CFD kanye nokuhlolwa kwemodeli emsebenzini, athuthukise njalo i-airfoil ene-guide, i-runner blade airfoil kanye ne-cone yokukhipha, futhi azame ukulawula ngokunengqondo ukuguquguquka kwe-amplitude ye-tube esalungiswa.Njengamanje, alikho izinga elihlanganisiwe lobubanzi be-amplitude yokuguquguquka kwengcindezi yeshubhu esalungiswa emhlabeni.Ngokuvamile, isivinini esijikelezayo sesiteshi samandla aphezulu siphansi futhi i-amplitude yokudlidliza incane, kodwa isivinini esithile sesiteshi samandla esisekhanda eliphansi siphezulu futhi i-amplitude yokuguquguquka kwengcindezi inkulu kakhulu.
2) Qinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-turbine yamanzi futhi uthuthukise izinga lokulungisa.Esigabeni sokuklama se-hydraulic turbine, ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-hydraulic turbine kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwayo kokusebenza.Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, ukuqina kwezingxenye zephaseji lokugeleza kwe-hydraulic turbine kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguqulwa kwayo ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hydraulic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklami kufanele futhi acabangele ngokugcwele ithuba lokuvela kwemvamisa yemvelo yeshubhu esalungiswa kanye nemvamisa yebhendi ye-vortex yokugeleza kanye nemvamisa yemvelo yomgijimi ekulayisheni okuphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yoshintsho ye-blade kufanele yakhelwe ngokwesayensi.Ukuze kuqiniswe indawo yempande ye-blade, indlela yokuhlaziya isici esilinganiselwe kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ukugxila kwengcindezi.Esigabeni sokukhiqiza umgijimi, kufanele kwamukelwe inqubo yokukhiqiza eqinile, futhi insimbi engagqwali kufanele isetshenziswe ezintweni.Okokugcina, isofthiwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuklama ukumodela komgijimi nokulawula ukujiya kwe-blade.Ngemuva kokuthi umgijimi esecutshunguliwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhalansi kuzokwenziwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuchezuka kwesisindo nokuthuthukisa ibhalansi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe kangcono ikhwalithi ye-hydraulic turbine, ukugcinwa kwayo kamuva kufanele kuqiniswe.
Lezi ezinye zezinyathelo zokwenziwa kokuqina kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-hydraulic turbine, kufanele siqale kusukela esigabeni sokuklama, sihlanganise isimo sangempela nolwazi lomsebenzi, futhi sikuthuthukise njalo futhi sikuthuthukise ekuhlolweni kwemodeli.Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiziphi izinyathelo esinazo zokwandisa ukuzinza esisetshenziswayo?Asiqhubeke esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwamayunithi we-hydro generator asetshenziswayo.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-turbine yamanzi, izindwani zayo, umgijimi kanye nezinye izingxenye zizoba ne-cavitation kanye nokuhuzuka kancane kancane.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthola nokulungisa i-turbine yamanzi njalo.Njengamanje, indlela evame kakhulu yokulungisa ekugcinweni kwe-hydraulic turbine ukulungisa ukushisela.Emsebenzini othize wokukhanda we-welding, kufanele sihlale sinake ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye ezikhubazekile.Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi wokukhanda we-welding usuqediwe, kufanele futhi senze ukuhlola okungonakali futhi sipholishe ubuso bushelelezi.
Ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokusebenza kwayo nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi.
① Ukusebenza kwamayunithi enjini yamanzi kuzophathwa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho kazwelonke efanele.Iziteshi zamandla kagesi ngokuvamile zinomsebenzi wokushintsha imvamisa nokushefa okuphezulu ohlelweni.Ngesikhathi esifushane, amahora okusebenza angaphandle kwebanga lokusebenza eliqinisekisiwe awanakugwenywa.Emsebenzini owenziwayo, amahora okusebenza angaphandle kwebanga lokusebenza kufanele alawulwe cishe ku-5% ngokusemandleni.
② Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza seyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, indawo yokudlidliza kufanele igwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.I-Francis turbine ngokuvamile inezoni yokudlidliza eyodwa noma izindawo ezimbili zokudlidliza, ngakho-ke esigabeni sokuqala nesokuvaleka kwe-turbine, indlela yokuwela ingathathwa ukugwema indawo yokudlidliza ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wansuku zonke weyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, inani lokuqalisa nokuvala kufanele lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngoba ohlelweni lokuqalisa nokuvala shaqa okuvamile, isivinini se-turbine nomfutho wamanzi kuzoshintsha ngokuqhubekayo, futhi lesi senzakalo asikukhuthazi kakhulu ukuzinza kweyunithi.
③ Esikhathini esisha, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kukhula ngokushesha.Ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kweziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, izindlela zokuhlonza ezithuthukisiwe kufanele futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuqapha isimo sokusebenza kwamayunithi enjini yamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kokusebenza kwenjini yamanzi.
Lezi yizinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwamayunithi akhiqiza i-hydro.Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa, kufanele siklame ngokwesayensi nangokunengqondo uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ngokuya ngesimo sethu sangempela.Ukwengeza, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokugcinwa okuvamile, qaphela ukuthi zikhona yini izinkinga ku-stator, rotor kanye ne-guide bear yeyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, ukuze ugweme ukudlidliza kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2021
