Reaction turbine imhando ye hydraulic muchina inoshandura hydraulic simba kuita mechanic simba nekushandisa kudzvanywa kwekuyerera kwemvura.
(1) Chimiro. Izvo zvakakosha zvimiro zveanoita turbine zvinosanganisira mumhanyi, headrace chamber, water guide mechanism uye draft chubhu.
1) Mumhanyi. Runner chikamu che hydraulic turbine inoshandura simba rekuyerera kwemvura kuita inotenderera yemagetsi simba. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana nzira yekushandurwa kwesimba remvura, iwo anomhanya zvimiro zveakasiyana maitiro eturbines akasiyana zvakare. Francis turbine mumhanyi anoumbwa neanokwenenzverwa mablades, vhiri korona uye yakaderera mhete; Mumhanyi weaxial-flow turbine inoumbwa nemashizha, mumhanyi muviri, discharge cone uye zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru: chimiro che inclined flow turbine runner yakaoma. Iyo blade yekuisa angle inogona kuchinja nemamiriro ekushanda uye inofananidzwa nekuvhurwa kwegwara vane. Iyo blade inotenderera yepakati mutsara inoumba kona yeoblique (45 ° ~ 60 °) ine axis yeturbine.
2) Headrace chamber. Basa rayo nderekuita kuti mvura iyerere zvakaenzana kune nzira yekutungamira yemvura, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kugadzirisa kushanda kwe hydraulic turbine. Metal spiral kesi ine denderedzwa chikamu inowanzoshandiswa kune yakakura uye yepakati-saizi hydraulic turbines ine mvura musoro pamusoro pe50m, uye kongiri spiral kesi ine trapezoidal chikamu inowanzoshandiswa kune turbines ane mvura musoro pazasi 50m.
3) Mvura inotungamira nzira. Kazhinji inoumbwa nenhamba yakati yevane madhiraivha akakwenenzverwa uye maitirwo awo anotenderera akarongwa zvakafanana padivi pemumhanyi. Basa rayo nderokutungamira kuyerera kwemvura kune mumhanyi zvakaenzana, uye kushandura kuburikidza nekuyerera kwe hydraulic turbine nekugadzirisa kuvhurwa kwechigadziro chechina, kuitira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvinotakura zvejenareta unit. Inotambawo basa rekuvhara mvura kana yakavharwa zvakakwana.
4) Draft tube. Chikamu chesimba rasara mukuyerera kwemvura parunner outlet harisati rashandiswa. Basa reiyo dhizaini chubhu kudzoreredza simba iri uye kuburitsa mvura pasi. Draft chubhu inogona kukamurwa kuita yakatwasuka koni chimiro uye yakakombama chimiro. Iyo yekutanga ine yakakura simba coefficient uye kazhinji yakakodzera kune madiki akatwasuka uye tubular turbines; Kunyangwe iyo hydraulic performance yekupedzisira haina kunaka seyeiyo koni yakatwasuka, kudzika kwekuchera kudiki, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhukuru uye hwepakati-saizi reaction turbine.
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(2) Kuronga. Iyo reaction turbine yakakamurwa kuita Francis turbine, diagonal turbine, axial turbine uye tubular turbine zvinoenderana negwara rekuyerera kwemvura inopfuura nepakati shaft pamusoro peanomhanya.
1) Francis turbine. Francis (radial axial kuyerera kana Francis) turbine imhando yezvinoita turbine umo mvura inoyerera ichitenderedza mumhanyi uye ichiyerera axially. Iri rudzi rweturbine rine huwandu hwakasiyana hwemusoro unoshanda (30 ~ 700m), chimiro chakareruka, vhoriyamu diki uye mutengo wakaderera. Iyo turbine huru yeFrancis yakaiswa mukushanda muChina ndiyo turbine yeErtan Hydropower Plant, ine yakayerwa kubuda simba re582mw uye yakanyanya kubuda simba re621 MW.
2) Axial flow turbine. Axial flow turbine imhando yeinoita turbine umo mvura inoyerera ichipinda nekubuda kunze kwemumhanyi axially. Iri rudzi rweturbine rakakamurwa kuita yakagadziriswa propeller mhando (screw propeller type) uye inotenderera propeller type (Kaplan type). Mashizha ekare akagadziriswa uye mashizha ekupedzisira anogona kutenderera. Kubuda simba kweaxial-flow turbine yakakura kupfuura yeFrancis turbine. Nemhaka yokuti nzvimbo ye blade ye rotor turbine inogona kuchinja nekuchinja kwemutoro, ine hukuru hwepamusoro muhukuru hwekuchinja kwemutoro. Iyo cavitation kuramba uye mechanical simba yeaxial-flow turbine yakaipisisa kupfuura iyo yaFrancis turbine, uye chimiro chacho chakanyanya kuoma. Parizvino, musoro unoshanda werudzi urwu rweturbine wasvika kupfuura 80m.
3) Tubular turbine. Kuyerera kwemvura yerudzi urwu rweturbine inoyerera kubva kune axial kuyerera kune mumhanyi, uye hapana kutenderera pamberi uye mushure memumhanyi. Musoro wekushandiswa kwepamusoro ndeye 3 ~ 20 .. Iine zvakanakira zvehurefu hwefuselage, mamiriro akanaka ekuyerera kwemvura, kushanda kwepamusoro, kuderera kwehuinjiniya huwandu, mutengo wakaderera, hauna volute uye curved draft chubhu, uye kuderera kwemusoro wemvura, kunowedzera kujeka kwakanakira.
Zvinoenderana nekubatanidza uye kutapurirana maitiro ejenareta, tubular turbine yakakamurwa kuita yakazara tubular mhando uye semi tubular mhando. Semi tubular mhando inokamurwazve kuita bulb mhando, shaft mhando uye shaft yekuwedzera mhando, pakati peiyo shaft yekuwedzera mhando yakakamurwa kuita yakatemerwa shaft uye yakatwasuka shaft. Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye bulb tubular type, shaft yekuwedzera mhando uye shaft mhando, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kune madiki mayuniti. Mumakore achangopfuura, shaft mhando inoshandiswawo kune yakakura uye yepakati-saizi mayuniti.
Iyo jenareta yeaxial yekuwedzera tubular unit inoiswa kunze kwemugero wemvura, uye jenareta yakabatana neiyo turbine yemvura ine refu yakarerekera shaft kana yakatwasuka shaft. Chimiro cheiyi shaft yekuwedzera mhando iri nyore pane iyo yemhando yegirobhu.
4) Diagonal flow turbine. Chimiro uye saizi ye diagonal kuyerera (inozivikanwawo se diagonal) turbine iri pakati paFrancis uye axial kuyerera. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti mutsetse wepakati werunner blade uri pane imwe kona ine yepakati mutsara weturbine. Nekuda kwechimiro chechimiro, iyo unit haibvumidzwe kunyura panguva yekushanda, saka iyo axial displacement chiratidzo chekudzivirira mudziyo inoiswa mune yechipiri chimiro kudzivirira kudhumhana pakati peblade nekamuri yekumhanya. Musoro wekushandisa weiyo diagonal kuyerera turbine ndeye 25 ~ 200m.
Parizvino, iyo huru yeyuniti yakayerwa kuburitsa simba reinodonhedza kudonha turbine pasi rose i215MW (yaimbova Soviet Union), uye musoro wepamusoro wekushandisa i136m (Japan).
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-01-2021
