Njengoko sonke sisazi, iseti yejenereyitha yeijinijeyitha yamanzi yeyona nto ingundoqo kunye necandelo lomatshini eliphambili kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweyunithi yonke ye-hydraulic turbine. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela uzinzo lweyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi, esele ikho ukususela ekuyilweni kwayo yonke iyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi.
Kulo lonke uyilo lweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, impembelelo yoyilo lwe-hydraulic incinci. Xa iyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi isebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-outlet ye-runner yeyunithi kuya kuqhubeka nokuphuma, kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo yokuphuma kwembaleki akuyi kujikeleza. Xa i-injini yomoya ingekho kweyona meko ifanelekileyo yokusebenza, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo yokuphuma kwembaleki kuya kuthi kancinane kubangele ukuhamba kwetyhubhu kwidrafti yetyhubhu. Xa i-injini yomoya ingaphantsi kwama-40 ~ 70% inxalenye yomthwalo wentloko ephantsi, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo yembaleki kuya kujikeleza ukuya phambili kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe kwenze i-ribbon vortex, eya kuthi ibangele ukungcangcazela kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya.
Ekusebenzeni kwe-injini ye-hydraulic, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebangela ukungcangcazela kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine yi-pressure pulsation ye-tube eyidrafti, kwaye le nto iya kubangela ingozi ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwe-Francis turbine. Ukongeza, ukuba uloliwe we-karman vortex uveliswa kumsila wokuhamba okujikeleze i-airfoil, iya kuchaphazela nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-hydraulic turbine, kuba iya kukhokelela ekushukumeni okunyanzelekileyo kwe-blade ye-runner ye-hydraulic turbine. Xa ukuphindaphinda koku kungcangcazela okunyanzelisiweyo kwenza ubudlelwane obuphindaphindeneyo kunye nesantya sendalo sokungcangcazela kweblade yembaleki, oko kuya kukhokelela kwiintanda kwiblade yembaleki yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi, kwaye ide ikhokelele ekuqhekekeni kweblade.
Ukongeza, kukho enye into eya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-turbine, oko kukuthi, i-hydraulic factor. Ukuba imeko yokusebenza kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya iyatenxa kwimeko yoyilo lwe turbine, isenzeko sokwahlulwa kokuhamba siya kwenzeka kwindawo yokungena nokuphuma kweblade. Ngenxa yobuninzi obungazinzanga bokuhamba kokwahlula isenzeko, iqondo lomonakalo nalo lihlukile. Imodeli yehydraulic ye-hydraulic turbine ngumthombo wamandla wesikhululo sombane samanzi siphela.
Uyilo lolwakhiwo lobuNzululwazi nolufanelekileyo, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokuveliswa kweyunithi yeinjini yeinjini yamanzi kunokuphucula ngokusebenzayo uzinzo lokusebenza kweinjini yomoya wamanzi, kwaye eyona miba iphambili echaphazela uyilo nokuveliswa kwayo kobu bume ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
① Kumalungu okuhamba okuhambayo, xa uxinzelelo lokuhamba kwipaseji yokuhamba lusebenza kumalungu epaseji yokuhamba, luya kuvelisa uxinzelelo. Ngokunyuka koxinzelelo, kuya kukhokelela kwi-deformation elastic of the components. Ukongeza, xa ukuhamba kuphazamisekile, icandelo ngalinye liya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela. Xa i-vibration frequency of water flowing ifana nokuphindaphinda kwendalo yamacandelo, iya kuvelisa i-resonance, engayi kuvelisa kuphela ungcoliseko olukhulu lwengxolo, kodwa ichaphazele nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine. Ngokukodwa kwiyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu kunye nesantya esiphantsi, i-frequency yayo yendalo isondele kakhulu kwi-hydraulic low frequency, ngoko kulula ukuchatshazelwa yi-resonance.
② Impembelelo yeteknoloji yokucubungula. Ekuqhubeni nasekuveliseni iyunithi ye-injini ye-hydraulic turbine, ukuba ukusetyenzwa kwe-blade akuchanekanga, okanye kukho iimpazamo kwinkqubo ye-welding yamacandelo, ixabiso lokuvula i-inlet kunye ne-outlet ye-blades liya kungalingani, okuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokelele kwiingxaki zokungcangcazela kwe-injini ye-hydraulic turbine unit.
③ Xa i-labyrinth ring isenziwa, i-ovality enkulu iya kukhokelela kwiingxaki zokungcangcazela kweyunithi.
Ukongeza, umgangatho wofakelo lweyunithi yeinjini yeinjini yamanzi nawo uya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweyunithi yeinjini yeinjini yamanzi. Phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo eyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit, ukuba iibheringi zesikhokelo azigxininisi enye kwenye okanye i-axis ayichanekanga, iya kubangela ukungcangcazela kwe-hydraulic kunye nokungcangcazela kwamacandelo okuthwala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2021
