Isikhululo samandla ombane sokuqala ehlabathini sakhiwa eFransi ngo-1878 saza sasebenzisa iijenereyitha zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwenziwa kweejenereyitha zombane kubizwa ngokuba “sisithsaba” semveliso yaseFransi. Kodwa kwangowe-1878, ijenereyitha yombane wamanzi yayinoyilo lokuqala. Ngo-1856, i-Lianlian Alliance brand generator yorhwebo yaphuma. Ngomnyaka we-1865, umFrentshi uCasseven kunye neNtaliyane uMarko babenombono wokudibanisa i-DC generator kunye ne-iturbine yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Ngowe-1874, uPiroski waseRashiya wacebisa uyilo lokuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla ombane. Ngo-1878, amaziko ombane okuqala ombane ehlabathini akhiwa eGragside Manor eNgilani naseSirmite kufuphi neParis, eFransi, kwaye kwavela ibhetshi yokuqala ye-DC hydroelectric generators. Ngo-1891, ijenereyitha yokuqala yombane yanamhlanje (iLaufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) yazalwa kwiNkampani yaseRuitu Olican. Ukusukela ngo-1891 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuye kwenziwa inkqubela enkulu kubugcisa bokwenza umbane wamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
Inqanaba lokuqala (1891-1920)
Ngexesha lokuqala kokuzalwa kweejenereyitha zombane wamanzi, abantu baqhagamshele ijenereyitha eqhelekileyo yangoku okanye ialternator kwi turbine yamanzi ukuze benze iseti yeejenereyitha zombane. Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho jenereyitha yombane eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ngamanzi. Xa kwakusakhiwa umzi-mveliso wombane waseLauffen ngo-1891, kwavela umatshini wokuvelisa umbane oyilwe ngokukhethekileyo. Ukusukela ukuba oomatshini bokuqala bokuvelisa umbane wamanzi babezincinci, izityalo zombane ezizimeleyo ezinoluhlu oluncinci lonikezelo lwamandla, iiparamitha zeejenereyitha zazinoburheletya, zinee-voltages ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-frequencies. Ngokwesakhiwo, ii-hydro-generator ubukhulu becala zithe tye. Ukongeza, uninzi lwee-hydro-generator kwinqanaba lokuqala ziyi-DC generator, kwaye kamva, isigaba esisodwa se-AC, isigaba sesithathu se-AC, kunye nesigaba sesibini se-AC hydro-generators sibonakala.
Iinkampani ezidumileyo zokuvelisa i-hydro-generator kwisigaba sokuqala ziquka i-BBC, i-Oelikon, i-Siemens, i-Westinghouse (WH), i-Edison kunye ne-General Motors (GE), njl., kunye nommeli we-hydro-turbine yokuvelisa amandla ombane Umatshini uquka i-300hp yesigaba sesithathu se-AC generator ye-injini ye-AC ye-Laufen Hydropower Plant (1891), i-3-750k generator ye-ACW ye-ACW ye-ACW eUnited States (eyenziwe yi-GE Corporation, 1893), kunye ne-Adams Hydropower Plant kwicala laseMelika le-Niagara Falls (i-Niagara Falls) 5000hp izigaba ezibini ze-AC generator yombane wamanzi (1894), 12MNV?A kunye ne-16MV? icala leNgxangxasi zeNiagara, kunye ne-40MV?A yokuma eyenziwe yi-GE ngo-1920 Uhlobo lwejenereyitha yombane wamanzi. ISikhululo soMbane weHydropower saseHellsjon eSweden sakhiwa ngo-1893. Umzi-mveliso wamandla waxhotyiswa ngeeseti ezine ze-344kV?A ezinezigaba ezithathu ze-AC ezithe tyaba ze-hydro-generator. Iijenereyitha zenziwa yiGeneral Electric Company (ASEA) yaseSweden.
Ngowe-1891, uMboniso weHlabathi waqhutyelwa eFrankfurt, eJamani. Ukuze kuboniswe usasazo nokusetyenziswa komsinga otshintshanayo entlanganisweni, abaququzeleli benkomfa bafakela iseti yeejenereyitha ze-hydro-iturbine kwiplanti yesamente yasePortland eLarffen, eJamani, kumgama ongama-175km. , Ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kunye nokuqhuba i-100hp yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction. I-hydro-generator yeSikhululo saMandla saseLaufen sayilwa nguBrown, injineli eyintloko yeNkampani yeRuitu Oerlikon, kwaye yenziwa yiNkampani ye-Oerlikon. Ijeneretha luhlobo oluthe tye lwesigaba esithathu, 300hp, 150r / min, izibonda ezingama-32, i-40Hz, kunye ne-voltage yesigaba yi-55 ~ 65V. I-diameter yangaphandle ye-generator yi-1752mm, kwaye ubude bentsimbi yentsimbi yi-380mm. Inani le-slots ye-generator stator yi-96, i-slots evaliweyo (ebizwa ngokuba yimingxuma ngelo xesha), isibonda ngasinye kunye nesigaba ngasinye yintonga yobhedu, i-slot yentambo yocingo ifakwe kwi-2mm ye-asbestos plate, kwaye isiphelo yintonga yobhedu engenanto; I-rotor yiringi edibeneyo. Ijenereyitha iqhutywa yi-injini ye-hydraulic ethe nkqo ngokusebenzisa iperi ye-bevel gears, kwaye ivuyiswa yenye i-DC generator hydraulic generator. Ukusebenza kwejeneretha kufikelela kwi-96.5%.
Ukusebenza okuyimpumelelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweejenereyitha ze-hydro-jenereyitha zeSikhululo soMbane saseLaufen ukuya eFrankfurt luvavanyo lokuqala lwemizi-mveliso yothumelo lwangoku lwezigaba ezithathu kwimbali yoluntu. Kuyimpumelelo ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo komsinga otshintshayo, ngakumbi umsinga otshintshayo onamanqanaba amathathu. Ijenereyitha ikwayeyokuqala kwinqanaba lesithathu lehlabathi lokuvelisa i-hydro.
Oku kungentla kuyilo kunye nophuhliso lweejenereyitha zombane wamanzi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuqala. Ngapha koko, ukujonga inkqubo yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yejenereyitha yombane wamanzi, iijenereyitha zombane wamanzi zidla ngokuba sisigaba sophuhliso rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-30. Oko kukuthi, ixesha elisusela kwi-1891 ukuya ku-1920 laliyinqanaba lokuqala, ixesha elivela kwi-1921 ukuya kwi-1950 yayiyinqanaba lokukhula kwezobuchwepheshe, ixesha elivela kwi-1951 ukuya kwi-1984 yayiyinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye ixesha elisuka kwi-1985 ukuya ku-2010 laliyinqanaba lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2021
