Siteshoni yoyamba yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi idamangidwa ku France mu 1878 ndipo idagwiritsa ntchito majenereta amagetsi opangira magetsi. Mpaka pano, kupanga majenereta amagetsi opangira magetsi kumatchedwa "korona" wa opanga aku France. Koma kale mu 1878, jenereta yamagetsi yamadzi inali ndi kapangidwe koyambirira. Mu 1856, jenereta yamalonda ya Lianlian Alliance idatulutsidwa. Mu 1865, Casseven waku France ndi Marko waku Italy adaganiza zophatikiza jenereta ya DC ndi turbine yamadzi kuti apange magetsi. Mu 1874, Piroski waku Russia adaperekanso lingaliro la kapangidwe kosintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mu 1878, malo oyamba opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi adamangidwa ku Gragside Manor ku England ndi Sirmite pafupi ndi Paris, France, ndipo gulu loyamba la majenereta amagetsi a DC adawonekera. Mu 1891, jenereta yoyamba yamakono yamagetsi yamadzi (Laufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) idabadwira ku Ruitu Olican Company. Kuyambira mu 1891 mpaka pano, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika muukadaulo wa jenereta yamagetsi yamadzi kwa zaka zoposa 100.
Gawo loyamba (1891-1920)
Pa nthawi yoyamba kubadwa kwa majenereta amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, anthu ankalumikiza jenereta wamba kapena alternator ku turbine yamadzi kuti apange majenereta amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Panthawiyo, panalibe jenereta yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi madzi yapadera. Pamene chomera chamagetsi chopangidwa ndi madzi cha Lauffen chinamangidwa mu 1891, jenereta yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi madzi yapadera inayamba. Popeza malo oyamba opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi anali ang'onoang'ono, omwe anali ndi magetsi ochepa, magawo a majenereta anali osokonezeka kwambiri, okhala ndi ma voltage ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Mwa kapangidwe kake, majenereta amadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala opingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, majenereta ambiri amadzi mu gawo loyambirira ndi majenereta a DC, ndipo pambuyo pake, majenereta amadzi a AC amodzi, ma AC atatu, ndi ma AC awiri a magawo awiri amawonekera.
Makampani odziwika bwino opanga ma hydro-generator omwe ali mu gawo loyamba ndi awa: BBC, Oelikon, Siemens, Westinghouse (WH), Edison ndi General Motors (GE), ndi zina zotero, komanso mphamvu yopangira ma hydro-turbine. Makinawa akuphatikizapo jenereta ya turbine ya 300hp ya gawo lachitatu la AC ya Laufen Hydropower Plant (1891), jenereta ya 750kW ya gawo lachitatu la AC ya Folsom Hydropower Station ku United States (yopangidwa ndi GE Corporation, 1893), ndi Adams Hydropower Plant kumbali ya America ya Niagara Falls (Niagara Falls) jenereta ya 5000hp ya magawo awiri ya AC hydroelectric (1894), 12MNV A ndi 16MV Jenereta yamagetsi yopingasa (1904-1912) ku Ontario Power Station kumbali ya Canada ya Niagara Falls, ndi 40MV yoyimilira yopangidwa ndi GE mu 1920. Siteshoni ya Hellsjon Hydropower Station ku Sweden inamangidwa mu 1893. Malo opangira magetsiwa anali ndi majenereta anayi a 344kV okhala ndi ma AC atatu. Majeneretawa anapangidwa ndi kampani ya General Electric Company (ASEA) ya ku Sweden.
Mu 1891, Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse chinachitika ku Frankfurt, Germany. Pofuna kusonyeza momwe magetsi osinthira magetsi amayendera komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamsonkhanowo, okonza msonkhanowo adayika majenereta a hydro-turbine mu fakitale ya simenti ya Portland ku Larffen, Germany, mtunda wa makilomita 175. , Kuti awonetse magetsi ndi kuyendetsa mota ya 100hp yopangira magetsi atatu. Jenereta ya hydro ya Laufen Power Station idapangidwa ndi Brown, mainjiniya wamkulu wa Ruitu Oerlikon Company, ndipo idapangidwa ndi Oerlikon Company. Jenereta iyi ndi yopingasa ya magawo atatu, 300hp, 150r/min, 32 poles, 40Hz, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya gawo ndi 55~65V. M'mimba mwake wakunja wa jenereta ndi 1752mm, ndipo kutalika kwa chitsulo ndi 380mm. Chiwerengero cha malo oika jenereta ndi 96, malo otsekedwa (omwe panthawiyo ankatchedwa mabowo), mtengo uliwonse ndi gawo lililonse ndi ndodo yamkuwa, malo oika waya amatetezedwa ndi mbale ya asbestos ya 2mm, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi ndodo yamkuwa yopanda kanthu; rotor ndi mphete yolumikizidwa. Ndodo za claw za field winding. Jenereta imayendetsedwa ndi turbine yoyima ya hydraulic kudzera mu magiya awiri a bevel, ndipo imayatsidwa ndi jenereta ina yaying'ono ya DC hydraulic. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa jenereta kumafika 96.5%.
Kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kutumiza majenereta amadzi a Laufen Power Station kupita ku Frankfurt ndi mayeso oyamba a mafakitale a kutumiza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya magawo atatu m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndi chitukuko chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthasintha, makamaka mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthasintha ya magawo atatu. Jenereta iyi ndiye jenereta yamagetsi ya magawo atatu padziko lonse lapansi.
Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi kapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha majenereta amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi m'zaka makumi atatu zoyambirira. Ndipotu, poyang'ana njira yopangira ukadaulo wa jenereta yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, majenereta amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo lopanga zaka 30 zilizonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuyambira 1891 mpaka 1920 inali gawo loyamba, kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1950 inali gawo la kukula kwaukadaulo, kuyambira 1951 mpaka 1984 inali gawo la chitukuko chofulumira, ndipo kuyambira 1985 mpaka 2010 inali gawo la chitukuko chokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-09-2021
