Njengoba sonke sazi, isethi yejeneretha ye-turbine yamanzi iwumongo kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yemishini yesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwayo yonke iyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukuzinza kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, ezikhona kusukela ekwakhiweni kwayo yonke iyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine.
Kuwo wonke umklamo weyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, umthelela wokwakhiwa kwe-hydraulic mancane. Uma iyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yokugijima yeyunithi kuzoqhubeka nokuphuma, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yokugijima ngeke kujikeleze. Uma i-turbine ingekho esimweni sokusebenza esifanele, ukugeleza endaweni yokugijima kuzokwakha kancane kancane ukugeleza okuyindilinga kushubhu lokusalungiswa le-turbine. Uma i-turbine ingaphansi kuka-40 ~ 70% womthwalo wengxenye yekhanda eliphansi, ukugeleza endaweni yokugijima kuzozungeza kuye phambili futhi kancane kancane kwakhe i-vortex iribhoni, ezobangela nokudlidliza kweyunithi ye-turbine.
Ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic turbine, into ebaluleke kakhulu edala ukudlidliza kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine ukucindezela kweshubhu esalungiswa, futhi lesi sici sizobeka usongo ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-Francis turbine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isitimela se-Karman vortex sikhiqizwa emsileni wokugeleza okuzungeze i-airfoil, sizophinde sithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-hydraulic turbine, ngoba kuzoholela ekudlidlizeni okuphoqelekile kwe-runner blade ye-hydraulic turbine. Lapho imvamisa yalokhu kudlidliza okuphoqelelwe kwakha ubudlelwano obuningi nemvamisa yokudlidliza yemvelo yeblade yomgijimi, kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-runner blade ye-hydraulic turbine, futhi kuholele nasekuqhekekeni kwe-blade.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesinye isici esizothinta nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-turbine, okungukuthi, i-hydraulic factor. Uma isimo sokusebenza seyunithi yomoya sichezuka esimweni sokuklama kwe-turbine, isenzakalo sokuhlukaniswa kokugeleza sizokwenzeka endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwe-blade. Ngenxa yemvamisa engazinzile yento yokuhlukanisa ukugeleza, izinga lokulimala nalo lihlukile. Imodeli ye-hydraulic ye-hydraulic turbine ingumthombo wamandla wesiteshi sonke samandla kagesi.
Idizayini yesakhiwo yesayensi nenengqondo, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokukhiqizwa kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuqina kokusebenza kwenjini yamanzi, futhi izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
① Ezingxenyeni zephaseji lokugeleza, lapho ingcindezi yokugeleza ephasejini lokugeleza isebenza kuzingxenye zephaseji lokugeleza, izokhiqiza ingcindezi. Ngokukhula kokucindezeleka, kuzoholela ekuguqulweni kwe-elastic kwezingxenye. Ukwengeza, lapho ukugeleza kuyaluza, ingxenye ngayinye izophinde ikhiqize ukudlidliza. Lapho imvamisa yokudlidliza yokugeleza kwamanzi ifana nemvamisa yemvelo yezingxenye, izophinde ikhiqize i-resonance, engeke nje ikhiqize ukungcoliswa komsindo ongathi sína, kodwa futhi ithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine. Ikakhulukazi iyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi enobukhulu obukhulu nesivinini esiphansi, imvamisa yayo yemvelo iseduze kakhulu ne-hydraulic low frequency, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthintwa yi-resonance.
② Umthelela wokucubungula ubuchwepheshe. Ekucubunguleni nasekukhiqizeni iyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, uma ukucutshungulwa kwe-blade kungalungile, noma kukhona amaphutha enqubweni yokushisela yezingxenye, amanani okuvulwa kwe-inlet ne-outlet yama-blades azobe engalingani, okuzogcina kuholele ezinkingeni zokudlidliza kwenjini yeyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit.
③ Uma indandatho ye-labyrinth icutshungulwa, i-ovality enkulu izoholela ezinkingeni zokudlidliza kweyunithi.
Ukwengeza, izinga lokufakwa kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi izophinde ibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi. Phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zeyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, uma ama-bearings angumhlahlandlela engagxili komunye nomunye noma i-axis ingalungile, kuzodala ukudlidliza kwe-hydraulic nokudlidliza kwezingxenye ezithwalayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2021
