Isiteshi sokuqala sikagesi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi sakhiwa eFrance ngo-1878 futhi sasebenzisa amajeneretha aphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Kuze kube manje, ukukhiqizwa kwamajeneretha aphehla ugesi kubizwa ngokuthi “umqhele” wokukhiqiza waseFrance. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1878, ijeneretha kagesi wamanzi yayinomklamo wokuqala. Ngo-1856, kwaphuma i-generator ye-DC ye-Lianlian Alliance brand. Ngo-1865, umFulentshi uCasseven kanye noMarko wase-Italy babenombono wokuhlanganisa ijeneretha ye-DC kanye ne-turbine yamanzi ukuze bakhiqize ugesi. Ngo-1874, uPiroski waseRussia naye wahlongoza umklamo wokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi. Ngo-1878, izimboni zokuqala zamandla kagesi ngamanzi emhlabeni zakhiwa eGragside Manor eNgilandi naseSirmite eduze kwaseParis, eFrance, futhi kwavela iqoqo lokuqala lamajeneretha kagesi kagesi e-DC. Ngo-1891, i-generator yokuqala yesimanje yamanzi (i-Laufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) yazalwa e-Ruitu Olican Company. Kusukela ngo-1891 kuze kube manje, inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe kubuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100.
Isigaba sokuqala (1891-1920)
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuzalwa kwamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi, abantu baxhume ijeneretha yamanje eqondile noma i-alternator ku-turbine yamanzi ukuze benze isethi yamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi. Ngaleso sikhathi, yayingekho ijeneretha kagesi eklanywe ngokukhethekile. Lapho kwakhiwa isikhungo samandla kagesi e-Lauffen ngo-1891, kwavela umshini wokuphehla ugesi oklanywe ngokukhethekile. Njengoba izimboni zakuqala eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zazizincane, izizinda ezizimele zodwa ezinobubanzi obuncane bokuphakelwa kukagesi, imingcele yamajeneretha yayinesiphithiphithi kakhulu, inama-voltage ahlukahlukene namaza. Ngokwesakhiwo, ama-hydro-generator ngokuvamile avundlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lama-hydro-generator esigabeni sokuqala amajeneretha e-DC, futhi kamuva, isigaba esisodwa se-AC, isigaba sesithathu se-AC, kanye nezigaba ezimbili ze-AC hydro-generator.
Izinkampani ezikhiqiza ama-hydro-generator ezaziwayo kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala zifaka i-BBC, i-Oelikon, i-Siemens, i-Westinghouse (WH), i-Edison kanye ne-General Motors (GE), njll., kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-hydro-turbine omele umshini uhlanganisa i-300hp i-3 yezigaba ezintathu ze-AC generator ye-turbine ye-Laufen Hydropower Plant (1891), i-3-750k generator ye-ACW Power Station i-United States (eyenziwe yi-GE Corporation, 1893), kanye ne-Adams Hydropower Plant ohlangothini lwaseMelika lwe-Niagara Falls (i-Niagara Falls) 5000hp ijeneretha kagesi ye-AC enezigaba ezimbili (1894), 12MNV?A kanye ne-16MV? ohlangothini lwe-Niagara Falls, kanye nesitendi esingu-40MV?A esakhiwe yi-GE ngo-1920 Uhlobo lwejeneretha kagesi wamanzi. Isiteshi sikagesi i-Hellsjon Hydropower Station eSweden sakhiwa ngo-1893. Indawo yokuphehla ugesi yayifakwe amasethi amane e-344kV?A ezigaba ezintathu ze-AC evundlile yama-hydro-generator. Amajeneretha akhiqizwa yiGeneral Electric Company (ASEA) yaseSweden.
Ngo-1891, uMbukiso Womhlaba wonke wawuseFrankfurt, eJalimane. Ukuze kuboniswe ukudluliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ashintshashintshayo emhlanganweni, abagqugquzeli bengqungquthela bafake isethi yamajeneretha akhiqiza amandla kagesi embonini kasimende yasePortland eLarffen, eJalimane, ebangeni elingu-175km. , Ukukhanyisa nokushayela i-100hp enezigaba ezintathu ze-induction motor. I-hydro-generator ye-Laufen Power Station yaklanywa uBrown, unjiniyela omkhulu we-Ruitu Oerlikon Company, futhi yakhiqizwa yi-Oerlikon Company. Ijeneretha iwuhlobo oluvundlile olunezigaba ezintathu, 300hp, 150r/min, izigxobo ezingu-32, 40Hz, kanti umthamo wesigaba ungama-55 ~ 65V. I-diameter yangaphandle ye-generator ingu-1752mm, kanti ubude bensimbi buyi-380mm. Inombolo ye-generator stator slots yi-96, i-slots evaliwe (ebizwa ngokuthi izimbobo ngaleso sikhathi), isigxobo ngasinye kanye nesigaba ngasinye siyinduku yethusi, i-slot yentambo yocingo ifakwe ipuleti ye-asbestos engu-2mm, futhi ukuphela kuyinduku yethusi engenalutho; i-rotor iyindandatho egxilile Izigxobo zozipho zensimu ziyasonteka. Ijeneretha ishayelwa i- hydraulic turbine eqondile ngepheya lamagiya e-bevel, futhi ijatshuliswa enye ijeneretha encane ye-DC hydraulic. Ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha kufinyelela ku-96.5%.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokudluliswa kwamajeneretha aphehla amandla e-Laufen Power Station kuya eFrankfurt kuwukuhlola kokuqala kwezimboni kokudluliswa kwamanje kwezigaba ezintathu emlandweni wesintu. Kuyintuthuko ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo kwamandla ashintshayo, ikakhulukazi wamanje oshintshana ngezigaba ezintathu. Ijeneretha futhi iyisiphequluli sokuqala sikagesi esinezigaba ezintathu emhlabeni.
Okungenhla ukuklanywa nokuthuthukiswa kwamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu yokuqala. Eqinisweni, uma ubheka inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, amajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi ngokuvamile ayisiteji sokuthuthukiswa njalo eminyakeni engama-30. Okungukuthi, inkathi kusukela ngo-1891 kuya ku-1920 kwaba isigaba sokuqala, inkathi kusukela 1921 kuya ku-1950 kwaba isigaba sokukhula kwezobuchwepheshe, inkathi kusukela ngo-1951 kuya ku-1984 kwaba isigaba intuthuko ngokushesha, futhi inkathi kusukela 1985 kuya 2010 kwaba isigaba sentuthuko ezinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2021
