Ukuveliswa kombane oshushu kunoncedo lweendleko eziphantsi, ubuchwephesha obuvuthiweyo, ubugwenxa bokungcolisa indalo esingqongileyo, iingenelo zokusebenzisa amandla okuqala, uncedo lokuvelisa amandla enyukliya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla aphambili, ukungalungi kwemitha yenyukliya ebangelwa kukuvuza kwenyukliya, ixabiso eliphezulu kunamandla ashushu, iingenelo zokukhusela uhlaza nokusingqongileyo, izinto ezingeloncedo zokonga, izinto ezingeloncedo zokonga, amandla ombane aphezulu kunomthombo wamandla aphezulu; Umgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kombane kukusebenzisa inqanaba lokuhla lamanzi ukusebenzisana nejenereyitha ye hydraulic turbine ukuvelisa umbane, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa inqanaba lamandla lamanzi ukujikela kumandla omatshini we hydraulic turbine, emva koko usebenzise amandla oomatshini ukuqhuba ijenereyitha, ukuze izazinzulu zamandla ombane zikwazi ukufumana iimeko zendalo zolu mgangatho wamanzi ukwehla, ukusebenzisa ngobunjineli kunye nomdlalo we-hydraulic ngokucokisekileyo. phezulu.
Ukungalungi: ungcoliseko olukhulu, ithemba elimfiliba lophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, imbali ende yeenzuzo ze-hydraulic, ixabiso eliphantsi emva kwexesha, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, amandla ombane ahlaziyekayo, oovimba abakhulu bamanzi, iziphene ezinkulu, utyalo-mali olukhulu kwii-asethi ezisisigxina, kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, umzantsi-ntshona weTshayina utyebile kakhulu kwimithombo yamanzi, kodwa imeko yendalo imbi; 1. Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla okwenziwa ngokwenziwa ngoxinzelelo olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba isebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngamandla anokubakho kwiindawo eziphakamileyo njengemilambo namachibi ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphantsi, iguqula amandla anokubakho aqulethwe kuwo abe ngamandla e-kinetic einjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi, ize emva koko isebenzise i-injini yomoya osebenza ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokuqhuba ijenereyitha ukuvelisa umbane.
Izinto eziluncedo: 1. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuveliswa kombane wamanzi, ixabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa amandla, ukuqaliswa kweyunithi ngokukhawuleza, ukulawulwa lula. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kokuhamba kwamanzi endalo, ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kudla ngokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yosetyenziso olubanzi lobutyebi bamanzi. Yenza inkqubo ebanzi yokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi ngokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa, i-aquaculture, unkcenkceshelo, ulawulo lwezandyondyo kunye nokhenketho. 2. Ukuveliswa kombane; 1 Ukungena kwamanzi angenadama Xa inqanaba lamanzi kunye nokuhamba komjelo womlambo ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo linokufikelela kwiimfuno zokunkcenkceshela okanye unikezelo lwamanzi asezidolophini, iindawo ezifanelekileyo zinokukhethwa kwibhankini, izakhiwo zokuthatha amanzi zinokusekwa, kwaye amanzi angaphambukiswa okanye anikezelwe ngokuxhuzula. Olu hlobo lokuthathwa kwamanzi lubizwa ngokuba yiprojekthi yokuthatha amanzi angenadami, eneempawu ezilula, kodwa ayiwulawuli umgangatho wamanzi omlambo kunye nokuhamba.
Iimpawu zombane wamanzi (zeziphi iimpawu zamandla ombane)
Umthombo wamandla wenziwa ikakhulu ziijenereyitha. Okwangoku, iindlela zokuvelisa amandla ehlabathini ikakhulu zibandakanya ukwenziwa kombane oshushu, ukuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ashushu ngenyukliya. Iinzuzo lixabiso eliphantsi lokwakha kwangethuba, ukuveliswa kombane okuzinzileyo, kunye nemveliso unyaka wonke. Ngoko ke, idlala indima enkulu kwimveliso yamandla kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, ibala ngaphezu kwama-70% ewonke amandla ombane.
Iimpawu zombane wamanzi (zeziphi iimpawu zamandla ombane)
Iimpawu zamandla ombane zibandakanya
Ke ngoko, ixabiso lokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi liphantsi, kwaye linokubonelela ngombane ophantsi. 3. Iyunithi yejenereyitha ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi, eyona sixhobo samandla esiphambili sokuveliswa kombane wamanzi, ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa iyakwazi ukuguquguquka ekusebenzeni kokuqaliswa. Inokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-static state kwaye ifakwe ekusebenzeni kwimizuzu embalwa ukugqiba umsebenzi wokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa umthwalo kwimizuzwana embalwa, ukulungelelanisa umthwalo wamandla.
1. Ngokwendalo yomthombo wamanzi, inokwahlulwa ibe zizikhululo zombane eziqhelekileyo zamanzi, oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa amandla avela kwimilambo yendalo namachibi.
2. Ngokweendlela zophuhliso lwezikhululo zombane oveliswa ngamanzi, inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu ezisisiseko: izikhululo zombane wohlobo lwamadama, izikhululo zombane owenziwe ngamanzi ohlobo lwe-diversion kunye nezikhululo zombane oxutyiweyo.
3. Ngokobukhulu bentloko yokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zombane wamanzi, inokwahlulwa ibe yintloko ephezulu yeemitha ezingama-70.
Iingenelo zokuveliswa kwamandla obushushu bubugcisa obuvuthiweyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zommandla wejografi. Izinto ezingeloncedo kungcoliseko olukhulu, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, amathemba alusizi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi. Izinto eziluncedo ngokuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi yimbali ende, iindleko eziphantsi kwixesha elizayo, ukungangcoliseki, amandla ahlaziyekayo amanzi, kunye nesixa esikhulu sogcino lwamanzi. Izinto ezingeloncedo lutyalo-mali olukhulu kwii-asethi ezizinzileyo, notyalo-mali olukhulu kwijografi.
1. Umthetho-siseko wokuveliswa kwamandla okwenziwa ngokwenziwa ngoxinzelelo lwendalo okwenziwa ngoxinzelelo lwendalo kukusebenzisa amanzi ahamba ngamandla anokubakho kwiindawo eziphakamileyo njengemilambo namachibi ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphantsi, ukuguqula amandla anokubakho aqulethwe kuwo abe ngamandla e-kinetic einjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi, emva koko kusetyenziswe i-injini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokuqhuba ijenereyitha ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Sebenzisa umbane wamanzi ukuqhuba i-injini yolwelo lokujikeleza, nokuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini.
Okokuqala, ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi yeyona nzuzo ithe ngqo, enokuthi kananjalo ifumane izibonelelo ezininzi zoqoqosho ezingangqalanga. Umzekelo, inzuzo yezoqoqosho yokhenketho kunye nokuzonwabisa, i-aquaculture, inqanawa okanye unikezelo lwamanzi lunokulinganiswa. Ukongeza, ikwabandakanya ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukulawulwa kweegridi zamandla kunye namanye amaxabiso angenakulinganiswa.
Umgaqo kunye neempawu zokuveliswa kombane wamanzi
1. Ukuba isantya somoya sifikelela kwiimitha ezili-15 ngesekhondi, ukuveliswa kombane kunokunyuswa ukuya kwi-60000 kilowatts. Uyabona, angakanani amandla angabizi kakhulu anokubonelela ngamaza kwizibane zokukhanya, izixhobo zokuhamba kunye nezibane zoluntu? Ukongeza ekugcineni ithontsi elithile, umbane kunye nezixhobo zombane kufuneka nazo zibe nokuhamba okubonakalayo. Ke ngoko, emantla esikhululo sombane samanzi ngasinye.
Iimpawu zombane wamanzi (zeziphi iimpawu zamandla ombane)
2. Umgaqo osisiseko we-hydropower kukusebenzisa ukuhla kwenqanaba lamanzi ukusebenzisana nejeneretha ye-hydro ukuvelisa umbane, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa amandla anokubakho emanzini ukujikela kumandla omatshini wevili lamanzi, kwaye emva koko usebenzise amandla omatshini ukuqhuba ijeneretha, ukuze izazinzulu zamandla ombane zikwazi ukufumana iimeko zendalo zolu luhlu lwamanzi, zisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo i-physics, ubunjineli kunye nolwelo.
3. 1. Sebenzisa umthamo wamanzi aphezulu ukubamba amandla anokubakho ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic ukuqhuba eyona nto iphambili
2. Sebenzisa umzila wamanzi okhokelayo kunye ne-penstock ukuguqula amandla anokubakho omthamo wamanzi abe ngamandla e-kinetic
3. Indawo efanelekileyo ye-hydraulic ikude neziko lomthwalo, elide kumbane, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuhambisa.
4. Ukwenziwa kombane okwenziwa ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-16-2022
