Umgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kukusebenzisa umahluko kwiintloko zamanzi emzimbeni wamanzi ukuvelisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula amandla amanzi agcinwe kwimilambo, amachibi, iilwandle kunye nezinye iindawo zamanzi abe ngamandla ombane. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla zisantya sokuhamba kunye nentloko. Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi sibhekisa kumthamo wamanzi adlula kwindawo ethile ngeyunithi yexesha, ngelixa intloko yamanzi ibhekisa kumahluko wokuphakama, okwaziwa ngokuba yidrophu, yamanzi asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane.
Amandla amanzi ngumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kukusetyenziswa komjikelo wendalo wamanzi, apho amanzi ahamba ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kumphezulu woMhlaba aze akhuphe amandla. Ngenxa yokuba umjikelo wamanzi uhlala usekelwe kumjikelo wonyaka, nangona kukho umahluko phakathi kweminyaka emanzi, iminyaka eqhelekileyo, kunye neminyaka eyomileyo, iimpawu zomjikelo azitshintshi. Ke ngoko, uneempawu ezifanayo namandla elanga, amandla omoya, amandla olwandle, njl.njl., kwaye ungowamandla avuselelekayo.
Amandla amanzi nawo angumthombo wamandla ococekileyo. Amandla amanzi ngamandla agcinwe ngokwendalo emanzini, angatshintshiyo iikhemikhali, angasebenzisi mafutha, angakhuphi izinto eziyingozi, kwaye angangcolisi okusingqongileyo ngexesha lophuhliso nokuguqulwa kube ngamandla ombane. Ke ngoko, ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo.
Iiyunithi zokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi, ngenxa yokuvula nokuvala kwazo okuguquguqukayo nokulula, kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kokuphuma kombane, zezona mithombo zamandla zibalaseleyo zokucheba, ukulawulwa kwamaza, kunye nemithombo yamandla yokuxhasa imeko engxamisekileyo kwinkqubo yamandla. Zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla, ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla, kunye nokuthintela iingozi ekwandeni. Zingumthombo wamandla omgangatho ophezulu kunamandla obushushu, amandla enyukliya, ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic, kunye neminye imithombo.
Ukuze kusetyenziswe umbane wendalo ngempumelelo, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo imeko-bume yendalo, amandla obuchwepheshe, izinto zentlalo noqoqosho, kunye nolawulo lokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe izakhiwo ze-hydraulic ezifana namadama, imibhobho yokujika amanzi, okanye ii-culverts kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zomlambo ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi nokunyusa intloko yamanzi. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi ngokubanzi liyinkimbinkimbi, lifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye linexesha elide lokwakha, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane kuphezulu emva kokugqitywa.
Ngelixa siphuhlisa umbane ophuma emanzini, sihlala siqwalasela ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yamanzi emilanjeni, kubandakanya ulawulo lwezikhukula, ukunkcenkceshela, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa, ukhenketho, ukuloba, ukugawula imithi, kunye neenzuzo zezolimo lwamanzi.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kuchatshazelwa lutshintsho lokuhamba komlambo, kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu ekuvelisweni kwamandla phakathi kwexesha lezikhukula nexesha elomileyo. Ke ngoko, ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo ezinkulu zamandla ombane kufuna ukwakhiwa kwamachibi amakhulu, angagcini nje ngokuphakamisa intloko yamanzi, kodwa aphinde alawule umthamo wamanzi minyaka le (okanye ngokwexesha lonyaka, iminyaka emininzi), kwaye asombulule ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yokuveliswa kwamandla ombane okungalinganiyo ngexesha lexesha lemvula nelomileyo.
Amandla ombane asebenza ngamanzi adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu loqoqosho noluntu lwaseTshayina. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, iteknoloji yamandla ombane eTshayina ibisoloko iphambili kwihlabathi liphela, njengeDama leeGorges ezintathu, elaziwa ngokuba “ligugu lesizwe”. Ezinye iiprojekthi zamandla ombane amakhulu, ezifana neXiluodu, iBaihetan, iWudongde, iXiangjiaba, iLongtan, iJinping II, kunye neLaxiwa, zinamandla aphezulu okufakelwa emhlabeni.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-18-2024
