Umgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kwamandla ombane kukusebenzisa umahluko kwintloko yamanzi kumzimba wamanzi ukuvelisa uguqulo lwamandla, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula amandla amanzi agcinwe kwimilambo, amachibi, iilwandle kunye nezinye iindawo zamanzi zibe ngamandla ombane. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukwenziwa kombane lizinga lokuhamba kunye nentloko. Umyinge wokuqukuqela ubhekisa kumthamo wamanzi adlula kwindawo ethile ngokweyunithi yexesha, ngelixa intloko yamanzi ibhekisa kumahluko wokuphakama, okwaziwa ngokuba lithontsi, lamanzi asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane.
Amandla amanzi ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane kukusetyenziswa komjikelo wendalo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, apho amanzi ahamba ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kumphezulu woMhlaba kwaye akhuphe amandla. Ngenxa yokuba umjikelezo we-hydrological ngokuqhelekileyo usekelwe kumjikelezo wonyaka, nangona kukho ukungafani phakathi kweminyaka emanzi, iminyaka eqhelekileyo, kunye neminyaka eyomileyo, iimpawu ze-cyclical zomjikelezo zihlala zingatshintshi. Ngoko ke, ineempawu ezifanayo njengamandla elanga, amandla omoya, amandla olwandle, njl. njl., kwaye yeyamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Amandla amanzi akwangumthombo wamandla acocekileyo. Amandla wamanzi ngamandla abonakalayo agcinwe kwimizila yamanzi ngokwemvelo, angatshintshiyo iikhemikhali, angatyi amafutha, angakhuphi izinto eziyingozi, kwaye angangcolisi indalo esingqongileyo ngexesha lophuhliso nokuguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane. Ngoko ke, ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo.
Iiyunithi zokuvelisa amandla ombane owenziwe ngamanzi, ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokulula kwazo ukuvula nokuvalwa, kunye nohlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lokukhutshwa kwamandla, zezona zincopho zibalaseleyo zokucheba, ukulawulwa ngamaza, kunye nemithombo yamandla egcina ixesha likaxakeka kwinkqubo yamandla. Badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla, ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla, nokuthintela iingozi ekwandeni. Bangumthombo wamandla okumgangatho ophezulu kunamandla obushushu, amandla enyukliya, ukuveliswa kwamandla ephotovoltaic, kunye neminye imithombo.
Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokukuko umbane wendalo owenziwe ngamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ngokubanzi okusingqongileyo kwendalo, amandla ethekhinoloji, imiba yentlalo-qoqosho, kunye nolawulo lokusebenza phambi kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zamanzi ezifana namadama, imibhobho yokuguqula, okanye iikholvethi kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zomlambo ukulawula ukuhamba kunye nokwandisa intloko yamanzi. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi lintsonkothile ngokubanzi, lifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye linexesha elide lokwakha, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kuphezulu emva kokugqitywa.
Ngelixa siphuhlisa amandla ombane, sihlala sithathela ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kobutyebi bamanzi emilambo, kubandakanywa nolawulo lwezandyondyo, unkcenkceshelo, ubonelelo lwamanzi, ukuhambisa ngenqanawa, ukhenketho, ukuloba, ukugawulwa kwemithi, kunye neenzuzo zolimo lwaselwandle.
Uveliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi achatshazelwa lutshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba komlambo, kwaye kukho umahluko obonakalayo kumandla ombane phakathi kwezandyondyo kunye namaxesha onyaka anembalela. Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo ezinkulu zamanzi kufuna ukwakhiwa kwamadama amakhulu, angakwazi ukuphakamisa intloko yamanzi kuphela, kodwa nokulawula umthamo wamanzi ngonyaka (okanye ngexesha lonyaka, iminyaka emininzi), kunye nokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yokuveliswa kwamandla okungalingani ngexesha lonyaka omanzi nowomileyo.
Amandla ombane owenziwe ngamanzi adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu exhasayo kuphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woqoqosho lwaseTshayina noluntu. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, itekhnoloji yombane waseTshayina ibisoloko iphambili kwihlabathi, njengeDama lemiwonyo emithathu, elaziwa ngokuba “ligugu lesizwe”. Ezinye iiprojekthi zamandla ombane aphezulu, ezifana neXiluodu, iBaihetan, iWudongde, iXiangjiaba, iLongtan, iJinping II, kunye neLaxiwa, zinomthamo ophezulu ofakiweyo emhlabeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-18-2024
