Njengeshishini eliphambili loqoqosho lwesizwe, ishishini lamandla ombane aphuma emanzini linxulumene kakhulu nophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso. Okwangoku, ishishini lamandla ombane aphuma emanzini laseTshayina lisebenza ngokuzinzileyo, ngokwanda kwamandla afakelweyo ombane ngamanzi, ukwanda kokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi, ukwanda kotyalo-mali lwamandla ombane ngamanzi, kunye nokuhla kokukhula kwamashishini anxulumene namandla ombane aphuma emanzini. Ngokusetyenziswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe "wokulondolozwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya", ukutshintshwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kuye kwaba lukhetho olusebenzayo lwaseTshayina, kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kuye kwaba lukhetho lokuqala lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi yisayensi netekhnoloji efunda imiba yobugcisa nezoqoqosho efana nokwakhiwa kobunjineli kunye nemveliso kunye nokusebenza kokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngumbane. Amandla amanzi asetyenziswa ngamandla ombane ngamanzi ikakhulu ngamandla anokubakho agcinwe emanzini. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla ombane abe ngumbane, kufuneka kwakhiwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikhululo zamandla ombane ngamanzi.
Ukuphunyezwa kokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kuquka ukwakhiwa kwezitishi zamanzi, kuze kulandele ukusebenza kokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi. Ishishini lamanzi eliphakathi liza kuqhagamshela umbane kwishishini legridi yamandla asezantsi ukuze kufunyanwe ukufikelela kwi-intanethi. Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo samanzi kuquka ucwangciso lokuqala lokubonisana ngobunjineli, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhululo samanzi kunye nolwakhiwo lokugqibela. Ukwakhiwa kwamashishini akwiindawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi kulula kwaye kuzinzile.
Ngokukhula koqoqosho lwaseTshayina, utshintsho kwicala lokubonelela ngombane kunye nohlengahlengiso loqoqosho, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokukhula okuluhlaza kuye kwaba yinto evumelanayo nophuhliso loqoqosho. Ishishini lamandla ombane lixatyiswe kakhulu ngoorhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kwaye lixhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe yezoshishino. Urhulumente uye wakhupha imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ngokulandelelana ukuxhasa uphuhliso lweshishini lamandla ombane. Imigaqo-nkqubo yezoshishino efana neSicwangciso soPhuculo lokuSombulula ingxaki yokuLahlwa kwamanzi, ukuLahlwa koMoya kunye nokuLahlwa kokukhanya, iSaziso sokuSekwa nokuPhuculwa kweNkqubo yoKhuseleko yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aHlaziyiweyo, kunye neSicwangciso soPhuculo lomsebenzi woLawulo lukaRhulumente weSebe leMithombo yamanzi ngo-2021 zibonelela ngamathuba emarike abanzi ophuhliso lweshishini lamandla ombane kunye nendawo elungileyo yemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini.
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweshishini lamandla ombane ngamanzi
Uphando lweshishini lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla ombane afakelweyo eTshayina anyuke minyaka le, ukusuka kwi-333 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-370 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2020, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esidibeneyo se-2.7%. Ngokwedatha yamva nje, amandla ombane afakelweyo eTshayina aya kufikelela kwi-391 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2021 (kuquka ne-36 yezigidi zeekilowatts zokugcina ezipompelweyo), ukunyuka kwe-5.6% ngonyaka.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani lamashishini anxulumene nombane wamanzi abhalisiweyo eTshayina linyuke ngokukhawuleza, ukusuka ngo-198000 ngo-2016 ukuya kuma-539000 ngo-2019, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula kwamashishini anxulumene nombane wamanzi abhalisiweyo liye lehla kwaye lehla. Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, amashishini anxulumene nombane wamanzi aseTshayina abhalise inani elipheleleyo lama-483000, ehle nge-7.3% ngonyaka.
Ukususela ekusasazweni kwamandla afakelweyo, ekupheleni kuka-2021, iphondo elikhulu laseTshayina elivelisa amandla ngamanzi yiSichuan Province, enomthamo ofakelweyo we-88.87 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ilandelwe yiYunnan Province, enomthamo ofakelweyo we-78.2 yezigidi zee-kilowatts; Iphondo lesibini ukuya kweleshumi yiHubei, iGuizhou, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iHunan, iFujian, iZhejiang kunye neQinghai, enomthamo ofakelweyo oqala kwi-10 ukuya kwi-40 yezigidi zee-kilowatts.
Ngokuphathelele ukuveliswa kwamandla, iSichuan iza kuba nokuveliswa kwamandla amakhulu ngamanzi ngo-2021, kunye ne-353.14 yeebhiliyoni zee-kWh zokuveliswa kwamandla ngamanzi, ezibalelwa kwi-26.37%; Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kwamandla ngamanzi eYunnan yi-271.63 yeebhiliyoni zee-kWh, ezibalelwa kwi-20.29%; Okwesithathu, ukuveliswa kwamandla ngamanzi eHubei yi-153.15 yeebhiliyoni zee-kWh, ezibalelwa kwi-11.44%.
Ngokwembono yomthamo ofakiweyo weshishini lombane wamanzi laseTshayina, iChangjiang Electric Power yeyona nkampani inkulu yomthamo ofakiweyo we-hydropower. Ngowama-2021, umthamo ofakiweyo weChangjiang Electric Power uza kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-11% yelizwe, kwaye umthamo uwonke wombane wamanzi phantsi kwamaqela amahlanu okuvelisa umbane uza kubalelwa malunga nesinye kwisithathu selizwe; Ngokwembono yokuveliswa kombane wamanzi, ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kombane kuMlambo iYangtze kuza kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-15%, kwaye ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi kwamaqela amahlanu okuvelisa umbane kuza kubalelwa malunga ne-20% yelizwe. Ngokwembono yoxinzelelo lwemarike, iyonke yamaqela amahlanu ombane wamanzi aseTshayina kunye neYangtze Power iphantse ibe sisiqingatha sesabelo semarike; Ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi kuza ngaphezu kwe-30% yesizwe siphela, kwaye uxinzelelo lweshishini luphezulu.
Ngokwengxelo yohlalutyo olunzulu kunye nophuhliso oluqikelelweyo lweshishini lamandla ombane laseTshayina ngo-2022-2027 yi-China Research Institute of Industry
Ishishini lamandla ombane aseTshayina lilawulwa yi-monopoly karhulumente. Ukongeza kumaqela amahlanu amakhulu okuvelisa umbane, ishishini lamandla ombane aseTshayina likwanamashishini amaninzi abalaseleyo okuvelisa umbane. Amashishini angaphandle kwamaqela amahlanu amakhulu amelwe yiYangtze Power, elilelona shishini likhulu lokufaka umbane wamanzi. Ngokwesabelo somthamo wokufakelwa umbane wamanzi, icandelo lokhuphiswano loshishino lwamandla ombane aseTshayina linokwahlulwahlulwa libe ngamaqela amabini, kunye namaqela amahlanu amakhulu kunye neYangtze Power kwisigaba sokuqala.
Uphuhliso olunokwenzeka kushishino lwamandla ombane ngamanzi
Kwimeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokuphela kwamandla e-fossil, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwatsala ingqalelo yoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye uphuhliso olunamandla lwamandla avuselelekayo luye lwaba yinto evunywa ngawo onke amazwe ehlabathini. Amandla aphuma emanzini ngamandla acocekileyo navuselelekayo aneteknoloji evuthiweyo kwaye anokuphuhliswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ugcino lwezixhobo zamandla aphuma emanzini zaseTshayina luqala phambili kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuphuhlisa ngamandla amandla aphuma emanzini akusiyo nje indlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa kukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokujongana notshintsho lwemozulu, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Emva kwezizukulwana ezininzi zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bamandla ombane, utshintsho kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, kunye nokusebenza ngesibindi, ishishini lamandla ombane laseTshayina liphumelele inkqubela yembali ukusuka kwincinci ukuya kwinkulu, ukusuka kubuthathaka ukuya ekubeni namandla, kunye nokusukela ekulandeleni ukuya ekubenileka nokukhokela. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, iiyunithi zamandla ombane zaseTshayina kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzi besayensi netekhnoloji yamandla ombane, abaxhomekeke kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, idatha enkulu kunye nezinye iiteknoloji eziphambili, baye baqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokhuseleko lwedama.
Ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14, iTshayina icacise umhla wokugqibela wokufezekisa iinjongo ze-carbon peak kunye nokungathathi cala kwe-carbon, okwenza iintlobo ezininzi zamandla zive ithuba kunye noxinzelelo luza ngaxeshanye. Njengommeli wamandla avuselelekayo, amandla e-hydropower aza kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla e-hydropower kwimeko yemozulu yehlabathi kunye nokuncipha kwamandla, kunye nemfuno yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwamandla.
Kwixesha elizayo, iTshayina kufuneka igxile kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nokwakha ngobuchule, ukusebenza ngobuchule kunye nezixhobo ngobuchule zamandla ombane, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuphuculwa kweshishini lamandla ombane, iqinise kwaye iphucule amandla acocekileyo, yonyuse uphuhliso lwamandla ombane kunye namandla amatsha, kwaye iphucule rhoqo umgangatho wokwakha ngobuchule kunye nolawulo lokusebenza kwezikhululo zamandla ombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-12-2023
