Njengesiseko soshishino lwentsika kuqoqosho lwesizwe, ishishini lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi linxulumene ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso. Okwangoku, ishishini lombane waseTshayina lisebenza ngokuthe chu xa lilonke, ngokunyuka komthamo wombane ofakwe emanzini, ukwanda kokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi, ukwanda kotyalo-mali lombane owenziwe ngamanzi, kunye nokucotha ukukhula kwamashishini anxulumene nombane. Ngokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe “wogcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwamandla”, ukutshintshwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kube lukhetho olusebenzayo lwaseTshayina, kwaye ukwenziwa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kube lukhetho lokuqala lwamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Uveliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi yinzululwazi nobuchwephesha obufunda imiba yobuchwephesha neyoqoqosho efana nolwakhiwo lobunjineli nokuveliswa kunye nokusebenza kokuguqula umbane ophehlwa ngamanzi ube ngumbane. Amandla asetyenziswa ngamanzi asetyenziswa ngamandla ngamanzi ubukhulu becala angamandla anokubakho agcinwe kumzimba wamanzi. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla ombane abengumbane, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhululo zombane kufuneka zakhiwe.
Ukufezekiswa kokuveliswa kombane oveliswa ngamanzi kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane oveliswa ngamanzi, kunye nokusebenza koveliso lombane. Ushishino lombane ophakathi kwamanzi luya kudibanisa umbane kushishino lwegridi yombane osezantsi ukuze kufikelelwe kwi-intanethi. Ulwakhiwo lwesikhululo soveliso lombane luquka isicwangciso sokuqala sokubonisana nobunjineli, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhululo soveliso lombane kunye nolwakhiwo lokugqibela. Ukubunjwa kwamashishini phakathi kunye nokufikelela okuphantsi kulula kwaye kuzinzile.
Ngokukhula koqoqosho lwaseTshayina, uhlaziyo olukwicala lokubonelela kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho, ugcino lwamandla ombane, ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokukhula kokusingqongileyo kube yimvumelwano yophuhliso loqoqosho. Ishishini lombane wamanzi lixatyiswe kakhulu ngoorhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kwaye lixhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso yesizwe. Urhulumente uye wakhupha ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ukuxhasa uphuhliso loshishino lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi. Imigaqo-nkqubo yezoShishino efana neSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa sokuSombulula iNgxaki yokuLahlwa kwaManzi, ukuLahlwa koMoya kunye nokuLahla ukuKhanya, iSaziso sokuSekwa kunye nokuphucula iNkqubo yoKhuseleko yokuSetyenziswa koMbane waMandla aVuselelwayo, kunye neSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa soLawulo loLuntu uMsebenzi woBuphathiswa beMithombo yaManzi ngo-2021 ukubonelela ngemveliso yophuhliso lombane olubanzi kunye nemveliso ye-hydro. amashishini.
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweshishini lombane wamanzi
Uphando lwamashishini lubonisa ukuba kule minyaka yakutsha nje, amandla ombane afakwe eTshayina anyukile unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka kwi-333 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-370 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2020, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-2.7%. Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, umthamo ofakiweyo we-hydropower e-China uya kufikelela kwi-391 yezigidi ze-kilowatts kwi-2021 (kubandakanywa ne-36 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zokugcinwa kwepompo), ukwanda kwe-5.6% ngonyaka.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani lamashishini anxulumene nombane obhalisiweyo e-China liye landa ngokukhawuleza, ukusuka kwi-198000 ngo-2016 ukuya kuma-539000 ngo-2019, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlangeneyo lama-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula kwamashishini anxulumene nombane obhalisiweyo wehla kwaye wehla. Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, amashishini anxulumene nombane waseTshayina abhalise i-483000 iyonke, ehle nge-7.3% ngonyaka.
Ukususela ekusasazweni komthamo ofakiweyo, ekupheleni kowama-2021, elona phondo likhulu laseChina lokuvelisa umbane wamanzi liPhondo laseSichuan, elinomthamo ofakelweyo we-88.87 yezigidi zeekilowathi, lilandelwa liPhondo laseYunnan, elinomthamo ofakelweyo we-78.2 yezigidi zeekilowatts; Iphondo lesibini ukuya kweyeshumi yiHubei, iGuizhou, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iHunan, iFujian, iZhejiang kunye neQinghai, kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-40 yezigidi ze-kilowatts.
Ngokuphathelene nokuveliswa kombane, iSichuan iza kuba nowona mbane mkhulu ngo-2021, kunye ne-353.14 yeebhiliyoni ze-kWh zoveliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi, ezibalelwa kuma-26.37%; Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi eYunnan yi-271.63 billion kWh, kubalelwa kwi-20.29%; Okwesithathu, ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi e-Hubei yi-153.15 billion kWh, kubalelwa kwi-11.44%.
Ngokwembono yomthamo ofakelweyo weshishini lombane wamanzi waseTshayina, iChangjiang uMbane woMbane lelona shishini lombane likhulu elifakelweyo lombane. Ngo-2021, amandla afakelweyo e-Changjiang Electric Power aya kubanda ngaphezu kwe-11% yelizwe, kwaye umthamo opheleleyo ofakiweyo wombane wamanzi phantsi kwamaqela amahlanu okuvelisa amandla uya kuphendula malunga nesinye kwisithathu selizwe; Ngokwembono yokuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi, ngowama-2021, ukuveliswa kombane kuMlambo iYangtze kuya kubalelwa ngaphezu kwe-15%, kwaye ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi wamaqela amahlanu okuvelisa amandla kuya kubalelwa malunga nama-20% elizwe. Ngokwembono yoxinaniso lwemarike, iyonke yamaqela amahlanu ombane afakwe emanzini aseTshayina afakelweyo kunye neYangtze Power isondele kwisiqingatha sesabelo semarike; Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-30% yelizwe lonke, kwaye ugxininiso loshishino luphezulu.
Ngokohlalutyo olunzulu kunye nophuhliso lwengqikelelo yengqikelelo yoshishino lwaseTshayina ngo-2022-2027 liZiko loPhando lwaseTshayina loShishino.
Umzi-mveliso waseTshayina wokuvelisa umbane wombane ulawulwa ngurhulumente kuphela. Ukongeza kumaqela amahlanu amakhulu okuvelisa amandla, ishishini lombane laseTshayina linamashishini agqwesileyo okuvelisa umbane. Amashishini angaphandle kwamaqela amahlanu amakhulu amelwe yiYangtze Power, elelona shishini likhulu elifakelweyo lombane wamanzi. Ngokwesabelo somthamo wombane ofakwe emanzini, i-echelon ekhuphisanayo yoshishino lwamanzi e-China inokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo ibe zii-echelons ezimbini, kunye namaqela amakhulu amahlanu kunye ne-Yangtze Power kwi-echelon yokuqala.
Ithemba lophuhliso loshishino lombane wamanzi
Kwimeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokuncipha kwamandla efosili, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuye kwatsala umdla woluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye uphuhliso olunamandla lwamandla ahlaziyekayo luye lwaba yimvumelwano yawo onke amazwe ehlabathi. I-Hydropower ngamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo anobuchwepheshe obuvuthiweyo kwaye anokuphuhliswa kwinqanaba elikhulu. Uvimba wemithombo yombane waseTshayina ukwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi. Ukuphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo umbane wamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kodwa kunye nomlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Emva kwezizukulwana ezininzi zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bombane, uhlaziyo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nenkalipho, umzi-mveliso wombane waseTshayina uzuze umtsi wembali ukusuka komncinci ukuya komkhulu, ukusuka kobuthathaka ukuya komelele, kwaye ukusuka ekulandeleni ukuya ekubalekeni nasekukhokeleni. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji, iiyunithi zamandla ombane waseTshayina kunye nabasebenzi abaninzi besayensi yombane kunye nethekhnoloji yombane, abaxhomekeke kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, idatha enkulu kunye nobunye ubugcisa obuphambili, baqinisekise ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokhuseleko lwedama.
Ngethuba leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14, i-China iye yacacisa umhla wokugqibela wokufezekisa iinjongo ze-carbon peak kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, okwenza ezininzi iintlobo zamandla zive ithuba kunye noxinzelelo oluza ngexesha elifanayo. Njengommeli wamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla ombane azakuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lombane wamanzi kumxholo wemozulu yehlabathi kunye nokuncipha kwamandla, kunye nemfuno yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokulungiswa kwesakhiwo samandla.
Kwixesha elizayo, i-China kufuneka igxininise kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nolwakhiwo olukrelekrele, ukusebenza okukrelekrele kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele zamandla ombane, ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuphuculwa koshishino lombane wamanzi, ukomeleza nokwandisa amandla acocekileyo, ukwandisa uphuhliso lombane wamanzi kunye namandla amatsha, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo uphucula inqanaba lolwakhiwo olukrelekrele kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi wezikhululo zombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-12-2023
