Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo iye yaba sisixhobo esiqhubela phambili kwiphulo lethu lekamva elizinzileyo nelilungele indalo. Phakathi kwale mithombo, i-hydropower, enye yezona ndlela zindala kunye nezona zithembekileyo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, yenza ukubuya okuphawulekayo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye neenkxalabo ezikhulayo zokusingqongileyo, ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kukulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqulelo ukuya kumandla acocekileyo.
UkuBuyisa kwakhona koMbane wamanzi
Amandla ombane, okanye amandla ombane asetyenziswa ngamanzi, asebenzisa amandla amanzi aqukuqelayo ukuze enze umbane. Ngokwembali, ibingumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ijongene nokhuphiswano oluvela kweminye imithombo ehlaziyiweyo, njengamandla elanga kunye nomoya. Ngoku, kukho umdla ohlaziyiweyo kumandla ombane ngenxa yezinto ezininzi:
Ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuthembeka: I-Hydropower inikezela ngomthombo wamandla ongatshintshiyo nothembekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nelanga kunye nomoya, ezithatha ixeshana, umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi unokubonelela ngobonelelo oluzinzileyo lombane.
Ugcino lwamandla: Amandla ombane angasebenza njengendlela efanelekileyo yokugcina amandla. Umbane ogqithisileyo oveliswe ngamaxesha emfuno ephantsi unokusetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi ukuya kwindawo ephezulu, ukudala amandla anokubakho anokukhutshwa xa efuneka.
Okuzuzwayo kokusiNgqongileyo: Ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwamadama kunye neendawo zokugcina amandla ombane lunokuba neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, lubonwa ngokubanzi lucocekile kwaye lunobungani nokusingqongileyo kunamafutha efosili. Ubuchwephesha obutsha benzelwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwendalo.
Amathuba oQoqosho: Ukuvuselelwa kombane ophehlwa ngamanzi kudala amathuba emisebenzi kulwakhiwo, ulondolozo, nokusebenza kwamaziko ombane oveliswa ngamanzi, ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.
Inkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji
Ukuvela kwakhona kombane ophehlwa ngamanzi asingombandela nje wokulangazelela; ixhaswa ziinveli zetekhnoloji ezikhawulezayo eziyenza isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ihambelane nokusingqongileyo. Ezinye zezona nkqubela ziphambili ziquka:
I-Small-Scale Hydropower: Izixokelelwano zombane owenziwe ngamanzi amancinci ngoku ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwamandla kwindawo. Ezi nkqubo zinokufakelwa kwimilambo emincinci kunye nemisinga, ukuvumela ukuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo kwiindawo ezikude.
UFanelo lweTurbine: Uyilo oluphuculweyo loyilo lonyuse kakhulu ukusebenza koguqulo lwamandla. Ezi turbines zinokubamba amandla kumanzi kumazinga asezantsi okuhamba, okwenza ukuba afaneleke ngakumbi kuluhlu olubanzi lweendawo.
Uthintelo lokusiNgqongileyo: Abaphuhlisi bazibophelela ngakumbi ekucutheni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeeprojekthi zombane owenziwe ngamanzi. Uyilo lwe turbine olulungele iintlanzi kunye neeleli zeentlanzi ziyadityaniswa ukukhusela ubomi basemanzini.
I-Pumped Storage Hydropower: Amaziko ombane okugcina amanzi ampompelweyo afumana ukuthandwa. Ezi nkqubo zigcina amandla angaphezulu ngokumpompa amanzi ekunyukeni kwawo ngamaxesha emfuno ephantsi kwaye ziwakhulule ukuvelisa umbane ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu.
Amanyathelo ehlabathi
Ehlabathini jikelele, amazwe amkela amandla ombane njengesisombululo sombane esizinzileyo:
ETshayina: ITshayina likhaya kowona mandla makhulu ehlabathini. Iyaqhubeka ukutyala imali ekwandiseni iziseko zayo zombane ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezikhulayo zamandla ngelixa inciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kumalahle.
ENorway: INorway, enguvulindlela kumandla ombane, isebenzisa ubuchule bayo ekuthumeleni izisombululo zamandla acocekileyo kumazwe angabamelwane.
EBrazil: IBrazil ithembele kakhulu kumbane oveliswa ngamanzi, yaye eli lizwe lisebenzela ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle nozinzo lwemizi-mveliso ekhoyo yokuphehla umbane ngamanzi.
EUnited States: I-US iphinda ibone ukuphindaphinda kwamandla ombane, ngezicwangciso zokuphucula amaziko akhoyo kunye nokwakha amatsha ukuxhasa iinjongo zamandla acocekileyo.
Imingeni kunye nezinto ezixhalabisayo
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi, ukuveliswa kombane ngamanzi akukho mingeni:
Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo: Amadama amakhulu anokuphazamisa inkqubo yendalo yasekuhlaleni, echaphazela ubomi basemanzini kunye neendawo zokuhlala zasemilanjeni. Oku kukhokelele kwiinkxalabo malunga nefuthe le-ikholoji yombane owenziwe ngamanzi.
IiNdawo eziLungileyo eziMdayo: Ayiyiyo yonke imimandla enemilambo efanelekileyo kunye nenkcazo-mphandle yokuvelisa umbane owenziwe ngamanzi, nto leyo enciphisa ukwamkelwa kwawo ngokubanzi.
Iindleko zangaphambili: Ukwakha izibonelelo zombane wamanzi kunokubiza kwaye kudle ixesha, nto leyo enokuthi ithintele eminye imimandla kutyalo-mali kobu buchwepheshe.
Ikamva loMbane wamanzi
Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya liguqukela kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla ombane azakudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zozinzo. Ngokwamkela ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo, amandla ombane anekamva elithembisayo njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo, othembekileyo, nosebenzayo. Ngentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokucwangciswa ngononophelo, amandla ombane angaqhubeka ukuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembonakalo yamandla ehlabathi, esiqhubela kwikamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-25-2023
