Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yoxinzelelo lwehlabathi lwezisombululo zamandla azinzileyo, i-Uzbekistan ibonakalise amandla amakhulu kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi kumbane wamanzi, ngenxa yobutyebi bayo bamanzi amaninzi.
Amanzi aseUzbekistan abanzi, aquka umkhenkce, imilambo, amachibi, amadama, imilambo enqumla imida namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Ngokwezibalo ezichanekileyo ezenziwa ziingcali zalapha ekhaya, amandla ombane akhoyo kwimilambo yeli lizwe afikelela kuma-88.5 eebhiliyoni zekWh ngonyaka, ngeli lixa ubuchule obunokwenzeka bungama-27.4 eebhiliyoni zekWh ngonyaka, nomthamo ofakelwayo ongaphaya kwezigidi ezisi-8 kWh. Phakathi kwezi, uMlambo i-Pskem kwiPhondo laseTashkent ubalasele “njengobutyebi bombane owenziwe ngamanzi,” obunokufakelwa amandla obuchule obunokwenzeka obuyi-1.324 yezigidi zekW, ebalelwa kwi-45.3% yomthombo wombane wamanzi okhoyo wase-Uzbekistan. Ukongeza, imilambo efana neTo'polondaryo, Chatqol, kunye neSangardak ikwabambe amandla abalulekileyo ophuhliso lombane wamanzi.
Uphuhliso lombane waseUzbekistan lunembali ende. Kwangomhla woku-1 kuMeyi, 1926, isikhululo sombane sokuqala soveliso lombane elizweni, iBo'zsuv GES – 1, saqalisa ukusebenza ngomthamo ofakelweyo wama-4,000 kW. Owona mzi-mveliso mkhulu woveliso lwamanzi elizweni, iChorvoq Hydropower Plant, ngokuthe ngcembe weza kwi-intanethi phakathi ko-1970 kunye no-1972. Umthamo wawo ofakelweyo waphuculwa ukusuka kuma-620,500 kW ukuya kuma-666,000 kW emva kokwenziwa kwela maxesha. Ekupheleni kuka-2023, amandla e-Uzbekistan xa ewonke amandla afakwe emanzini afakelweyo afikelele kwi-2.415 yezigidi zekW, ethatha malunga ne-30% yomthamo onokwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2022, umbane we-Uzbekistan uwonke ube yi-74.3 yebhiliyoni ye-kWh, amandla ahlaziyekayo anegalelo kwi-6.94 yeebhiliyoni ze-kWh. Koku, amandla ombane avelise i-6.5 bhiliyoni ye-kWh, ethatha i-8.75% yombane owenziweyo uwonke kwaye ulawula imveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngesabelo esiyi-93.66%. Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa amandla ombane anokufumaneka elizweni ngokobuchwepheshe obungama-27.4 eebhiliyoni ze-kWh ngonyaka, yi-23% kuphela esetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo ebonisa amathuba amakhulu okukhula kweli candelo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Uzbekistan iye yaqhuba ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lombane wamanzi, isungula iiprojekthi ezininzi. NgoFebruwari 2023, i-Uzbekhydroenergo yatyikitya imemorandam yokuqonda (MOU) kunye neZhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry yokuvelisa izixhobo zombane ezincinci ezihlangeneyo. NgoJuni waloo nyaka, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano ne-China Southern Power Grid International ukuba baphuhlise oomatshini abathathu bokuphehla umbane ngamanzi. Ukongeza, ngoJulayi ka-2023, i-Uzbek Hydrogenergo ibhengeze ithenda yolwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso yoveliso lwamanzi entlanu enomthamo opheleleyo we-46.6 MW, ekulindeleke ukuba ivelise i-179 yezigidi zekWh ngonyaka ngexabiso le-106.9 yezigidi zeedola. NgoJuni ka-2023, i-Uzbekistan kunye neTajikistan ngokudibeneyo basungula iprojekthi yokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zombane ezibini kuMlambo iZeravshan. Inqanaba lokuqala libandakanya i-140 MW ye-Yavan Hydropower Plant, efuna utyalo-mali oluzizigidi ezingama-282 zeerandi kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kuvelisa izigidi ezingama-700–800 zekWh ngonyaka. Kucetywa umatshini wokulandela i-135 MW kuMlambo iFandarya, notyalo-mali oluqikelelwa kwi-270 yezigidi zeedola kunye nomthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa wama-500–600 ezigidi kWh. NgoJuni ka-2024, i-Uzbekistan yatyhila isicwangciso sayo sophuhliso lombane wamanzi, ijolise kumthamo ofakelweyo we-6 GW ngo-2030. Eli nyathelo linqwenelekayo libandakanya zombini ulwakhiwo olutsha lweplanti kunye neenzame zokuphucula, ukulungelelaniswa neqhinga elibanzi lelizwe lamandla ahlaziyekayo ukwandisa isabelo samandla ohlaza ukuya kwi-40% yesakhiwo samandla siphelele ngo-2030.
Ukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi icandelo lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi, urhulumente wase-Uzbek uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kunye nezicwangciso-nkqubo zolawulo. Izicwangciso zophuhliso lombane we-Hydropower zenziwe ngokusemthethweni kwaye zicokiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuphendula ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zehlabathi. Umzekelo, iKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa iphumeze “isiCwangciso soPhuhliso loMbane woMbane wama-2016–2020” ngeyeNkanga yowama-2015, esichaza ulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zombane ezitsha ezilithoba. Njengoko isicwangciso sombane “se-Uzbekistan-2030″ siqhubela phambili, urhulumente kulindeleke ukuba azise imigaqo-nkqubo eyongezelelweyo kunye nomthetho ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumandla ombane wamanzi kunye namanye amacandelo ombane ahlaziyekayo.” Uninzi lwezikhululo zombane zase-Uzbekistan zakhiwa ngexesha leSoviet kusetyenziswa imigangatho yeSoviet. imigangatho, ukudala amathuba amatsha entsebenziswano kumashishini ezizwe ngezizwe, kubandakanywa iifemu zaseTshayina, ukufaka isandla kwiingcali zabo kunye nokuseka ubuchwepheshe babo e-Uzbekistan.
Ngokwembono yentsebenziswano, i-China kunye ne-Uzbekistan zibambe amandla abalulekileyo entsebenziswano kwicandelo lombane wombane. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwe-Belt and Road Initiative, omabini la mazwe afikelele kwimvumelwano ebanzi malunga nentsebenziswano yamandla. Ukuphehlelelwa ngempumelelo kweprojekthi kaloliwe yase-China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan yomeleza ngakumbi isiseko sabo sokusebenzisana ngombane ophehlwa ngamanzi. Amashishini aseTshayina anamava abanzi kulwakhiwo lombane wamanzi, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye namandla omelele kwezemali. Ngeli xesha, i-Uzbekistan ibonelela ngezixhobo zombane ezininzi, imeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kunye nemfuno enkulu yentengiso, idala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zentsebenziswano. Ezi zizwe zimbini zinokubandakanya intsebenziswano enzulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukwakhiwa kweplanti yombane wamanzi, ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo, ukudluliselwa kobuchwephesha, kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukukhuthaza inzuzo efanayo kunye nokukhula okwabelwanayo.
Ukujonga phambili, ishishini lombane lase-Uzbekistan lilungele ikamva elithembisayo. Ngokuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezingundoqo, amandla afakelweyo aya kuqhubeka nokunyuka, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla asekhaya ngeli lixa sikwadala namathuba okuthunyelwa kombane kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuvelisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Ngaphaya koko, uphuhliso lwecandelo lombane oveliswa ngamanzi luya kuvuselela ukukhula kuwo onke amashishini anxulumeneyo, luvelise amathuba engqesho, kwaye luqhubele phambili impumelelo yezoqoqosho kwingingqi. Njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo nohlaziyekayo, uphuhliso lombane omkhulu wamanzi luya kunceda i-Uzbekistan inciphise ukuthembela kumafutha efosili, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye negalelo eliqinisekileyo kwiinzame zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-12-2025
