Iimbono Ezintsha kwi-Central Asian Energy: Ukunyuka kwe-Micro Hydropower
Njengoko imeko yamandla yehlabathi ikhawulezisa utshintsho lwayo oluya ekuzinzeni, iUzbekistan kunye neKyrgyzstan kwiCentral Asia zimi kwindawo entsha yophuhliso lwamandla. Ngokukhula koqoqosho okuhamba kancinci, ubungakanani bemizi-mveliso yaseUzbekistan buyanda, ukwakhiwa kwezixeko kuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umgangatho wokuphila wabantu bayo uphucuka ngokuthe chu. Emva kwezi nguqu zilungileyo kukho ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yamandla. Ngokwengxelo evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA), imfuno yamandla yaseUzbekistan ikhule malunga nama-40% kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngama-50% ngo-2030. IKyrgyzstan ikwajongene nemfuno yamandla ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika, xa ukunqongophala kombane kusanda kakhulu, kwaye ukunqongophala kwamandla kusebenza njengomqobo othintela uphuhliso lwayo lwezoqoqosho nolwentlalo.
Njengoko imithombo yamandla yemveli izama ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zikhulayo, imiba emininzi iya icaca. I-Uzbekistan, nangona inemithombo ethile yegesi yendalo, ibisoloko ixhomekeke kumafutha efosili, ijongene nomngcipheko wokuphela kwemithombo kunye nongcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo. I-Kyrgyzstan, enesabelo esikhulu samandla ombane wamanzi kumxube wayo wamandla, ijongene nengxaki yokuguga kweziseko zophuhliso ezingasebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yombane ekhulayo. Kwimeko enjalo, amandla amancinci ombane (i-Micro hydropower) avele ngokuzolileyo njengesisombululo samandla esicocekileyo nesizinzileyo kuwo omabini la mazwe, esinamandla angafanele athathwe lula.
I-Uzbekistan: Ilizwe Elingasetyenziswanga Lombane Oncinci Wamanzi
(1) Uhlalutyo lweMeko yaMandla
Ulwakhiwo lwamandla e-Uzbekistan belusoloko luyinto eyodwa, igesi yendalo ithatha i-86% yobonelelo lwamandla. Olu kuxhomekeka kakhulu kumthombo omnye wamandla kubeka ukhuseleko lwamandla elizwe emngciphekweni. Ukuba iimarike zegesi yendalo zamazwe ngamazwe ziyaguquguquka okanye ukutsalwa kwegesi yasekhaya kujongana nemiqobo, unikezelo lwamandla e-Uzbekistan luya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamafutha efosili kukhokelele kungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kusanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kubangele uxinzelelo olukhulu kwinkqubo yendalo yasekuhlaleni.
Njengoko ingqalelo yehlabathi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo ikhula, i-Uzbekistan iye yaqonda ukuba kufuneka kutshintshwe amandla. Eli lizwe liqulunqe uthotho lwezicwangciso zophuhliso lwamandla, ngenjongo yokwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ekuveliseni umbane ngokupheleleyo ukuya kuma-54% ngo-2030. Le njongo inika indawo eyaneleyo yophuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini kunye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
(2) Ukuhlola Amandla Amancinci Ombane Aphuma Kwi-Hydropower
I-Uzbekistan ityebile ngemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulu igxile kwiindawo zomlambo i-Amu Darya kunye ne-Syr Darya. Ngokwedatha esemthethweni, eli lizwe linomthamo wamandla ombane wamanzi omalunga ne-22 yeebhiliyoni kWh, kodwa izinga lokusetyenziswa ngoku liyi-15% kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amathuba amakhulu okuphuhliswa kwamandla ombane amancinci wamanzi. Kwezinye iindawo ezineentaba, njengeendawo zePamir Plateau kunye neeNtaba zeTian Shan, umhlaba omxinwa kunye neendawo ezinkulu eziwela umlambo zenza ukuba zibe zilungele ukwakha izitishi zamandla amancinci amanzi. Ezi ndawo zinemilambo egeleza ngokukhawuleza, ebonelela ngomthombo wamandla ozinzileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla amancinci amanzi.
Kwingingqi yaseNukus, kukho isikhululo esikhulu samandla ombane esinomthamo ofakelweyo we-480 MW, esibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yombane kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni. Ukongeza kwizikhululo ezinkulu zamandla ombane, iUzbekistan ikwahlola ngokukhutheleyo ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci. Ezinye izikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci sele zakhiwe kwaye zisebenza kwiindawo ezikude, zibonelela ngombane ozinzileyo kubemi basekuhlaleni kwaye ziphucula umgangatho wobomi babo. Ezi zikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci azisebenzisi nje kuphela izixhobo zamanzi zasekuhlaleni kodwa zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamandla yemveli, zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
(3) Inkxaso kaRhulumente
Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo, urhulumente wase-Uzbek uqalise uthotho lwamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo. Ngokuphathelele izibonelelo, urhulumente unikezela ngezibonelelo zemali kwiinkampani ezityala imali kwiiprojekthi ezincinci zamandla ombane ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zotyalo-mali. Kwiinkampani ezakha izitishi zamandla ombane amancinci, urhulumente ubonelela ngezibonelelo ngokusekelwe kumandla afakiweyo esi sikhululo kunye nokuveliswa kombane, nto leyo ekhuthaza kakhulu utyalo-mali kumandla ombane amancinci.
Urhulumente ukwaphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo ekhethekileyo. Ngokuphathelele iirhafu, iinkampani ezincinci zamanzi ziyakonwabela ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu, nto leyo enciphisa umthwalo wazo. Ngexesha lokuqala kokusebenza, ezi nkampani zinokungahlawuliswa irhafu kangangexesha elithile, kwaye kamva zinokufumana amaxabiso aphantsi erhafu. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, urhulumente ubeka phambili ukubonelela ngomhlaba kwiiprojekthi ezincinci zamanzi kwaye unikezela ngezaphulelo ezithile zokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Le migaqo-nkqubo idala imeko-bume efanelekileyo yophuhliso lwamanzi amancinci.
(4) Imingeni kunye neZisombululo
Nangona i-Uzbekistan inemigaqo-nkqubo emihle nefanelekileyo yophuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini, kusekho imingeni eliqela. Kwicala lobuchwephesha, ubuchwepheshe bombane omncinci ophuma emanzini kwezinye iindawo buphelelwe lixesha, kwaye busebenza kancinci. Ezinye izitishi zamandla amancinci ezindala zinezixhobo ezindala, iindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla okungazinzi. Ukujongana noku, i-Uzbekistan inokuqinisa intsebenziswano neenkampani zobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe, izise ubuchwepheshe bombane omncinci ophuma emanzini kunye nezixhobo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla. Ubudlelwane namazwe afana neTshayina neJamani, anamava aphezulu kumandla amancinci aphuma emanzini, bunokuzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nezixhobo, buphucule izitishi zamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini zelizwe.
Ukunqongophala kwemali yenye ingxaki enkulu. Ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezincinci zamandla ombane aphuma emanzini kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwezemali, kwaye iUzbekistan ineendlela ezimbalwa zokuxhasa ngemali zasekhaya. Ukuze kuqokelelwe imali, urhulumente angakhuthaza utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe, atsale amaziko emali aphuma kwamanye amazwe kunye neenkampani ukuba zityale imali kwiiprojekthi zamandla ombane amancinci aphuma emanzini. Urhulumente angaseka neengxowa-mali ezikhethekileyo zokuxhasa ezi projekthi ngemali.
Ukungabikho kweziseko zophuhliso ezingonelanga nako kuyimbangela yokuthintela uphuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini. Ezinye iindawo ezikude azinazo iindawo ezaneleyo zombane, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukudlulisela umbane ophuma emanzini amancinci kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu. Ke ngoko, i-Uzbekistan kufuneka yonyuse utyalo-mali ekwakhiweni nasekuphuculweni kweziseko zophuhliso ezifana neegridi zamandla, ukuphucula amandla okuhambisa umbane. Urhulumente unokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwegridi ngotyalo-mali nangokutsala imali yoluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbane ophuma emanzini amancinci unokuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kubathengi.
EKyrgyzstan: Igadi Ekhulayo Yamandla Amancinci Ombane
(1) Iindawo zokugcina amandla ombane ngamanzi ze "Water Tower of Central Asia"
IKyrgyzstan yaziwa ngokuba yi-"Water Tower of Central Asia," ngenxa yendawo yayo eyahlukileyo, ebonelela ngemithombo yamanzi emininzi. Njengoko i-93% yomhlaba welizwe iyintaba, imvula exhaphakileyo, imikhenkce ebanzi, kunye nemilambo egubungela umgama ongaphezulu kwe-500,000 km, iKyrgyzstan inomyinge wemithombo yamanzi yonyaka emalunga ne-51 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha. Oku kwenza amandla ombane we-hydropower weli lizwe abe yi-1,335 yeebhiliyoni zee-kWh, kunye namandla obuchwephesha angama-719 eebhiliyoni zee-kWh kunye namandla anokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho angama-427 eebhiliyoni zee-kWh. Phakathi kwamazwe e-CIS, iKyrgyzstan ikwindawo yesithathu, emva kweRashiya neTajikistan, ngokwamandla ombane we-hydropower.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi eKyrgyzstan ngoku limalunga ne-10% kuphela, umahluko omkhulu kumandla ayo amakhulu ombane wamanzi. Nangona ilizwe sele limisele izitishi ezinkulu zamanzi ezifana nesikhululo samanzi saseToktogul (esakhiwe ngo-1976, esinomthamo omkhulu ofakiweyo), izitishi ezininzi ezincinci zamanzi zisekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, kwaye uninzi lwamandla ombane wamanzi alukasetyenziswa.
(2) Inkqubela phambili yeProjekthi kunye neempumelelo zayo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iKyrgyzstan yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci. Ngokutsho kweKabar News Agency, ngo-2024, ilizwe laqalisa ukusebenza kweqela lezikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezinomthamo ofakelweyo we-48.3 MW, ezifana neBala-Saruu kunye ne-Issyk-Ata-1 hydropower. Okwangoku, ilizwe linezikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezingama-33 ezisebenzayo ezinomthamo ofakelweyo we-121.5 MW, kwaye ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, kulindeleke ukuba ezinye izikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezintandathu zisebenze.
Ukusekwa kwezi zikhululo zincinci zamanzi kuye kwaphucula kakhulu iimeko zobonelelo lwamandla kwindawo. Kwezinye iindawo ezikude neentaba, apho umbane wawunganelanga ngaphambili, abemi ngoku banokufikelela okuzinzileyo kumbane. Umgangatho wobomi babantu bendawo uphucuke kakhulu, kwaye abasahlali ebumnyameni ebusuku, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya ezisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Amanye amashishini amancinci osapho anokusebenza kakuhle, efaka amandla kuqoqosho lwengingqi. Ukongeza, ezi projekthi zincinci zamanzi zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamandla yendabuko kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, okuncedisa kakuhle ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo kwendawo.
(3) Amandla eNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe
Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwamandla amancinci e-hydropower eKyrgyzstan. I-China, njengeqabane elibalulekileyo, ibandakanyeke kakhulu kwintsebenziswano neKyrgyzstan kwicandelo elincinci le-hydropower. Kwi-7th Issyk-Kul International Economic Forum ngo-2023, iqela leenkampani zaseTshayina lityikitye isivumelwano neKyrgyzstan sokutyala imali eyi-2 ukuya kwi-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ekwakhiweni kweSitishi samanzi saseKazarman Cascade, esiya kuba nezityalo ezine ze-hydropower ezinomthamo opheleleyo we-1,160 MW kwaye kulindeleke ukuba sisebenze ngo-2030.
Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana neBhanki yeHlabathi kunye neBhanki yaseYurophu yoKwakha ngokutsha noPhuhliso (i-EBRD) nayo inike inkxaso-mali kunye nenkxaso yobuchwepheshe kwiiprojekthi zamandla amancinci aseKyrgyzstan. IKyrgyzstan ithumele iiprojekthi ezininzi ezincinci zesikhululo samandla ombane kwi-EBRD, kuquka ukwakhiwa kweDama lase-Upper Naryn. I-EBRD ibonakalise umdla wokuphumeza "iiprojekthi eziluhlaza" kweli lizwe, kuquka ukuphuculwa kwecandelo lamandla kunye neeprojekthi zamandla ombane ombane. Le ntsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ayizisi nje kuphela inkxaso-mali efunekayo eKyrgyzstan, inciphisa imida yemali ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi, kodwa ikwazisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nobuchule bolawulo, iphucula amanqanaba okwakha nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zamandla ombane ombane ombane ombane zelizwe.
(4) Imbono yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo yamanzi emininzi yaseKyrgyzstan kunye nendlela ephucukileyo yophuhliso, umbane wayo omncinci ophuma emanzini unamathuba amaninzi ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Urhulumente ubeke iinjongo ezicacileyo zophuhliso lwamandla kwaye uceba ukwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kwisakhiwo samandla esizwe ukuya kwi-10% ngo-2030. Umbane omncinci ophuma emanzini, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamandla avuselelekayo, uya kuba nesikhundla esibalulekileyo koku.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili iteknoloji kunye nokukhula kwentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, iKyrgyzstan kulindeleke ukuba inyuse imizamo yayo yokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezincinci zamanzi. Izikhululo zamanzi ezincinci ngakumbi ziya kwakhiwa kulo lonke ilizwe, nto leyo engayi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla asekhaya ezikhulayo kuphela, kodwa ikwanyuse nokuthunyelwa kombane kwamanye amazwe kwaye iphucule amandla oqoqosho lwelizwe. Uphuhliso lwamandla amancinci amanzi luya kuqhuba nophuhliso lwamashishini anxulumene nawo, anje ngokuvelisa izixhobo, ukwakhiwa kobunjineli, ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi amaninzi, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluhlukeneyo loqoqosho.
Amathuba eMarike: Amathuba kunye nemingeni zihlala zikhona
(I) Amathuba Aqhelekileyo
Ngokwembono yeemfuno zokuguqulwa kwamandla, iUzbekistan neKyrgyzstan zombini zijongene nomsebenzi ongxamisekileyo wokulungisa ulwakhiwo lwazo lwamandla. Njengoko ingqalelo yehlabathi kutshintsho lwemozulu iqhubeka isanda, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuphuhlisa amandla acocekileyo kuye kwaba yimvumelwano yehlabathi. La mazwe mabini aphendule ngokukhutheleyo kule ndlela, enika ithuba elihle lokuphuhliswa kwamandla amancinci. Njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo, amandla amancinci angaphantsi komhlaba anokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuxhomekeka kumandla emveli efosili kwaye anciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, okuhambelana nesikhokelo sokuguqulwa kwamandla kula mazwe mabini.
Ngokuphathelele imigaqo-nkqubo emihle, oorhulumente bobabini bazise uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa uphuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo. I-Uzbekistan ibeke iinjongo ezicacileyo zophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo, iceba ukwandisa inani lamandla avuselelekayo ekuveliseni amandla iyonke ukuya kuma-54% ngo-2030, kwaye ibonelela ngezibonelelo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezincinci zamandla aphuma emanzini. I-Kyrgyzstan ikwafake uphuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo kwisicwangciso sayo sesizwe, iceba ukwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kwisakhiwo samandla esizwe ukuya kwi-10% ngo-2030, kwaye inike inkxaso enamandla ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi ezincinci zamandla aphuma emanzini, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye idale imeko-bume efanelekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wophuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini.
Inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ikwanike inkxaso enamandla kuphuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini kula mazwe mabini. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, itekhnoloji encinci yamandla aphuma emanzini iye yakhula ngakumbi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kuye kwaphuculwa rhoqo, kwaye iindleko zezixhobo ziye zehla kancinci kancinci. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha efana noyilo oluphambili lweturbine kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele kwenze ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kweeprojekthi ezincinci zamandla aphuma emanzini kube lula kwaye kube lula. Olu phuhliso lwetekhnoloji luye lwanciphisa umngcipheko wotyalo-mali lweeprojekthi ezincinci zamandla aphuma emanzini, lwaphucula iingenelo zoqoqosho zeeprojekthi, kwaye lwatsala abatyali-mali abaninzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi ezincinci zamandla aphuma emanzini.
(II) Uhlalutyo lwemingeni eyahlukileyo
I-Uzbekistan ijongene nemingeni kwezobuchwepheshe, imali kunye neziseko zophuhliso kuphuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini. Iteknoloji yamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini kwezinye iindawo isemva kakhulu kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo efuna ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nezixhobo. Ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, ngelixa iindlela zokuxhasa ngemali zasekhaya zase-Uzbekistan zincinci, kwaye ukunqongophala kwemali kuye kwathintela ukuqhubela phambili kweeprojekthi. Kwezinye iindawo ezikude, ukugubungela igridi yombane akwanelanga, kwaye umbane oveliswa ngamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini kunzima ukuwudlulisela kwiindawo ezifunekayo. Iziseko zophuhliso ezingaphelelanga ziye zaba ngumqobo ekuphuhlisweni kwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini.
Nangona iKyrgyzstan ityebile kwimithombo yamanzi, ikwajongene nemingeni ethile eyahlukileyo. Eli lizwe linomhlaba onzima, iintaba ezininzi, kunye nothutho olungathandekiyo, oluye lwazisa ubunzima obukhulu ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi ezincinci zamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwezixhobo. Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunokuchaphazela inkqubela phambili yeeprojekthi ezincinci zamanzi, kwaye kukho iingozi ezithile kutyalo-mali kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi. Uqoqosho lwaseKyrgyzstan lusemva kakhulu, kwaye imakethi yasekhaya inamandla okuthenga alinganiselweyo kwizixhobo ezincinci zamanzi kunye neenkonzo, nto leyo ethintela uphuhliso lweshishini elincinci lamanzi.
Indlela eya empumelelweni yamashishini: amaqhinga kunye neengcebiso
(I) Umsebenzi osebenza kwindawo ethile
Ukusebenza kwindawo ethile kubalulekile kumashishini ukuze aphuhlise imakethi encinci yamandla ombane e-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan. Amashishini kufuneka abe nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkcubeko yendawo kwaye ahloniphe amasiko endawo, iinkolelo zonqulo kunye nendlela yokuziphatha kweshishini. E-Uzbekistan, inkcubeko yamaSilamsi iyona iphambili. Ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi, amashishini kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kumalungiselelo omsebenzi ngamaxesha akhethekileyo afana neRamadan ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaqondani ngenxa yokwahluka kwenkcubeko.
Ukuseka iqela lasekuhlaleni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kwasekuhlaleni. Abasebenzi basekuhlaleni baqhelene nemeko-bume yemarike yasekuhlaleni, imithetho nemigaqo, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kwaye banokuthetha ngcono nokusebenzisana noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, amashishini kunye nabantu. Iingcali zasekuhlaleni, abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi bokuthengisa banokuqeshwa ukuze benze iqela elihlukeneyo. Intsebenziswano namashishini asekuhlaleni ikwayindlela esebenzayo yokuvula imakethi. Amashishini asekuhlaleni anezixhobo ezininzi kunye nonxibelelwano kwindawo yasekuhlaleni. Intsebenziswano nabo inokunciphisa umda wokungena kwimarike kwaye yonyuse izinga lempumelelo yeprojekthi. Kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisana neenkampani zokwakha zasekuhlaleni ukwenza ulwakhiwo lweeprojekthi ezincinci zamanzi kunye nokusebenzisana neenkampani zamandla zasekuhlaleni ukuthengisa umbane.
(II) Ubuchule bokutsha kunye nokuziqhelanisa neteknoloji
Ngokweemfuno zasekuhlaleni, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ezifanelekileyo zamandla ombane amancinci zibalulekile kumashishini ukuze afumane indawo kwimarike. E-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan, ezinye iindawo zinomhlaba onzima kunye neemeko zomlambo ezitshintshatshintshayo. Amashishini kufuneka aphuhlise izixhobo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezizivumelanisa neemeko zomhlaba onzima kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Ngenxa yeempawu zokuwa okukhulu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo kwimilambo yeentaba, iiturbines ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezizinzileyo ziyaphuhliswa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kokuvelisa umbane.
Amashishini kufuneka agxile ekuphuhliseni ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuphucula. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yamandla amancinci angaphantsi komhlaba nayo iphucuka rhoqo. Amashishini kufuneka aqalise ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye neengcamango, ezifana neenkqubo zolawulo olukrelekrele kunye netekhnoloji yokujonga kude, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nolawulo lweeprojekthi ezincinci zamandla angaphantsi komhlaba. Ngeenkqubo zolawulo olukrelekrele, ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nokulawula kude kwezixhobo ezincinci zamandla angaphantsi komhlaba kunokufezekiswa, ukusilela kwezixhobo kunokufunyaniswa kwaye kusonjululwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kunokuphuculwa.
(III) Amaqhinga olawulo lomngcipheko
Ekuqhubeni iiprojekthi ezincinci zamandla ombane e-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan, amashishini kufuneka enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo kunye nempendulo esebenzayo kwimingcipheko yomgaqo-nkqubo, yemarike, yokusingqongileyo neminye. Ngokuphathelele imingcipheko yomgaqo-nkqubo, imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe amabini inokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokusondeleyo iindlela zomgaqo-nkqubo wasekuhlaleni kwaye alungise amaqhinga eprojekthi ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokuxhasa urhulumente wasekhaya kwiiprojekthi ezincinci zamandla ombane uyatshintsha, amashishini kufuneka alungiselele kwangaphambili kwaye afumane eminye imithombo yemali okanye anciphise iindleko zeprojekthi.
Umngcipheko wemarike ukwayinto ekufuneka amashishini ayiqwalasele. Utshintsho kwimfuno yemarike kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesicwangciso lwabakhuphisanayo lunokuba nefuthe kwiiprojekthi zenkampani. Amashishini kufuneka aqinise uphando lwemarike, aqonde imfuno yemarike kunye nemeko yabakhuphisana nabo, kwaye enze amaqhinga emarike afanelekileyo. Ngophando lwemarike, qonda imfuno yombane yabemi basekuhlaleni kunye namashishini, kunye neenzuzo zemveliso kunye nenkonzo zabakhuphisana nabo, ukuze kuqulunqwe amaqhinga emarike akhuphisanayo ngakumbi.
Iingozi zokusingqongileyo nazo akufuneki zityeshelwe. Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zamandla ombane amancinci kunokuba nefuthe elithile kwimekobume yendalo yendawo, njengotshintsho kwindalo ephilayo yomlambo kunye nokuhlala kwezixhobo zomhlaba. Amashishini kufuneka enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokusingqongileyo ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kwaye enze amanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweprojekthi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha iprojekthi, thabatha amanyathelo okugcina umhlaba namanzi asebenzayo ukunciphisa umonakalo kwizixhobo zomhlaba; ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza kweprojekthi, yomeleza ukubeka esweni nokukhusela iinkqubo zendalo emilanjeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwendalo alunakonakala.
Isiphelo: Amandla ombane amancinci akhanyisa ikamva le-Asia eseMbindini
Amandla ombane amancinci abonisa amandla angaqhelekanga kunye namandla angaqhelekanga kwinqanaba lamandla e-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan. Nangona omabini la mazwe ejongene nemingeni yawo kwindlela yophuhliso, inkxaso eqinileyo yemigaqo-nkqubo, imithombo yamanzi emininzi kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo ibonelele ngesiseko esiqinileyo sophuhliso lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini. Ngokuhambela phambili kancinci kweeprojekthi zamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini, ulwakhiwo lwamandla lwala mazwe mabini luya kuqhubeka luphuculwa, ukuxhomekeka kumandla emveli efosili kuya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphenduleni kutshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi.
Uphuhliso lwamandla ombane amancinci aphuma emanzini luya kongeza amandla amatsha kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe amabini. E-Uzbekistan, ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zamandla ombane amancinci kuya kuqhuba uphuhliso lwamashishini anxulumeneyo kwaye kukhuthaze ukwahlukahlukana koqoqosho. EKyrgyzstan, amandla ombane amancinci aphuma emanzini akanakwanelisa kuphela iimfuno zamandla asekhaya, kodwa anokuba yindawo entsha yokukhula koqoqosho kwaye anyuse ingeniso yesizwe ngokuthunyelwa kombane kwamanye amazwe. Ndikholelwa ukuba kungekudala, amandla ombane amancinci aphuma emanzini aya kuba sisibane esikhanyisa indlela yophuhliso lwamandla e-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan, kwaye enze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamazwe amabini.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-10-2025
