Kumxholo wenguqu yamandla ehlabathi, amandla ahlaziyekayo sele engundoqo. Phakathi kwale mithombo, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi ubalasele ngenxa yeenzuzo zawo ezininzi, ukwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lamandla.
1. Imigaqo yokuVeliswa koMbane
Umthetho-siseko osisiseko wokuveliswa kombane kukusebenzisa umahluko kumanqanaba amanzi kunye nokuwadibanisa neejenereyitha zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Ngamafutshane, iguqula amandla anokubakho emanzini abe ngamandla omatshini aze ke abe ngamandla ombane. Xa amanzi amaninzi empompoza ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezisezantsi, amandla akhoyo aqhuba i-injini yomoya, ethi yona ijikelezise i-rotor yejenereyitha, inqumla kwiintambo zemagneti ukuze ivelise umbane.
Umzekelo, iThree Gorges Hydropower Station inqanda uMlambo iYangtze ngedama, idala umahluko omkhulu womgangatho wamanzi. Ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kwamanzi kuqhuba ii-injini zomoya, okwenza imveliso yombane omkhulu.
2. Izinto eziluncedo zoMbane we-Hydropower
(1) Indalo Ehlaziyiweyo
Amanzi abubutyebi obujikelezayo ngokuqhubekayo eMhlabeni. Logama nje imitha yelanga kunye nomxhuzulane woMhlaba ukhona, umjikelo wamanzi awusayi kumisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba imithombo yamanzi exhasa amandla ombane ayinakuphela, ngokungafaniyo namafutha efosili afana namalahle neoli. Ke ngoko, amandla ombane abonelela ngobonelelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo kuluntu.
(2) Icocekile kwaye Ayinabungozi kokusingqongileyo
Ukuveliswa kombane we-Hydropower akuvelisi kukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse okanye kukhuphe izinto ezingcolisa umzimba ezinjengomsi kunye ne-sulphur dioxide, ebangela impembelelo encinci yokusingqongileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekudambiseni utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokusingqongileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izityalo zamandla ezisetyenziswa ngamalahle zikhupha isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside ngexesha lokutsha, nto leyo eyandisa ubushushu behlabathi.
(3) Ukuzinza okuphezulu
Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga kunye nomoya, amandla ombane awachatshazelwa kangako kukuguquguquka kwendalo. Logama amadama anogcino lwamanzi olwaneleyo, ukuveliswa kombane kunokulawulwa ngokuthe chu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zombane, ukunika inkxaso ethembekileyo yamandla kwiigridi zamandla.
(4) IiNzuzo ezininzi eziBanzi
Ngaphaya kokuveliswa kombane, iiprojekthi zombane zikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana nolawulo lwezandyondyo, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye nobonelelo lwamanzi. Umzekelo, amadama angawagcina amanzi ngamaxesha eempuphuma, ethomalalisa imingcipheko yezandyondyo. Ngexesha lembalela, banokukhulula amanzi ukuxhasa ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo kunye neemfuno zamanzi asekhaya.
3. Imeko yangoku yoPhuhliso loMbane wamanzi
Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele aphuhlisa kwaye asebenzisa imithombo yombane owenziwe ngamanzi. I-China lelona lizwe livelisa amandla ombane amakhulu ehlabathini, lineeprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neDama leeGorges eziNtathu kunye neSikhululo soMbane woMbane we-Baihetan ophucula kakhulu ubume belizwe lamandla. Kumazwe ngamazwe, amazwe afana neBrazil kunye neCanada athembele kakhulu kumbane owenziwe ngamanzi kumxube wawo wamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi lujongene nemingeni ethile. Kwelinye icala, iiprojekthi ezinkulu zombane wamanzi zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwemali kunye namaxesha amade okwakha. Kwelinye icala, uphuhliso lombane wamanzi lunokuthi lube nefuthe kwi-ikhosistim, njengokutshintsha imixokomelwano yendalo yomlambo nokuchaphazela imfuduko yeentlanzi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso lombane wamanzi kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo.
4. Amathemba ekamva loMbane wamanzi
Ngenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe eqhubekayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kuya kuphucuka ngakumbi. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha beinjini yomoya kunye nokudityaniswa kweegridi ezikrelekrele kuya kwenza umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi ukuba udityaniswe ngcono kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukongeza, iiprojekthi zombane ezincinci kunye nezincinci ziza kufumana ingqwalasela ethe kratya, zibonelela ngobonelelo lombane olunatyisiweyo kwiindawo ezikude kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nomgangatho wobomi.
Njengomthombo othembekileyo wamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla ombane adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zamandla, ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Kufuneka sandise inzuzo yayo ngelixa sisombulula imingeni yayo, siqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo nolusempilweni lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-08-2025
