Amandla ombane, umthombo ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo wamandla, unamandla amakhulu okujongana neemfuno zamandla akhulayo e-Afrika. Ngenxa yeenkqubo zalo ezinkulu zemilambo, ukumila kweendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo, neemeko zemozulu ezivumayo, eli lizwekazi linemithombo yombane osetyenziswa ngamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kobu butyebi bendalo, umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi usasetyenziswa kancinci kulo lonke elaseAfrika. Eli nqaku liphonononga ukusasazwa kwemithombo yombane wamanzi kwilizwekazi liphela kwaye livavanya amathuba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Ukusasazwa kweZibonelelo zoMbane we-Hydropower e-Afrika
Amandla ombane wase-Afrika agxininiswe kakhulu kwimimandla embalwa engundoqo, kunye nomahluko omkhulu ekufumanekeni kobutyebi kunye namanqanaba ophuhliso:
Umbindi weAfrika: ICongo River Basin, ikhaya kowona mlambo mkhulu eAfrika ngomthamo wokukhutshelwa, iqulethe eyona mithombo ibalulekileyo yokuphehla umbane ehlabathini. I-Democratic Republic of Congo (i-DRC), ngokukodwa, ibamba iiNgxangxasi ze-Inga, ezinokuxhasa ngaphezu kwama-40,000 eeMW zamandla okuvelisa ukuba ziphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezi zinto zinokwenzeka zihleli zingekasetyenziswa ngenxa yemingeni yezopolitiko, yezemali, kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
EMpuma Afrika: Amazwe anjenge-Ethiopia, iUganda, neKenya enze inkqubela ephawulekayo ekusebenziseni amandla awo ombane. Idama iGrand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) yaseTopiya, enomthamo ocetyiweyo ongaphezu kwama-6,000 MW, yenye yeeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezinkulu kwilizwekazi kwaye ijolise ekuguquleni ubume bamandla kulo mmandla.
ENtshona Afrika: Ngelixa amandla ombane akhoyo ngamanzi apha ethozamile ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa noMbindi kunye neMpuma Afrika, amazwe afana neGuinea, iNigeria, neGhana achonge amathuba amaninzi ombane okwizinga eliphakathi. Iiprojekthi ezifana ne-Nigeria's Mambilla Hydropower Plant kunye ne-Akosombo Dam yaseGhana zi-asethi ezibalulekileyo kumxube wamandla kulo mmandla.
EmaZantsi eAfrika: IZambia, iMozambique, kunye neAngola zinamandla amakhulu ombane. Idama laseCahora Bassa eliseMozambique kunye neDama laseKariba kuMlambo iZambezi (ekwabelwana ngalo yiZambia neZimbabwe) zezinye zezikhululo zombane ezinkulu e-Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, imbalela eqhubekayo iveze ubuthathaka ekuthembeleni kakhulu kwi-hydro kulo mmandla.
UMntla Afrika: Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imimandla, uMntla Afrika unamandla ombane angaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yeemeko eziyinkqantosi kunye neenkqubo zomlambo ezilinganiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe afana ne-Egypt asathembele kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neDama eliPhezulu lase-Aswan.
Amathuba oPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ikamva lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi e-Afrika liyathembisa, liqhutywa zizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
Ukukhula kweMfuno ye-Eneji: Inani labantu base-Afrika liqikelelwa ukuba liya kuphinda-phindeka kabini ngowama-2050, ngokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kwemizi-mveliso okuphembelela imfuno yamandla. I-Hydropower inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nale mfuno ngokuzinzileyo.
Iingqwalasela zeMozulu nokusiNgqongileyo: Njengoko amazwe efuna ukususa ikhabhoni kumacandelo awo ombane, amandla ombane abonelela ngenye indlela ekhutshwa kancinci kumafutha efosili. Ikwancedisana nemithombo ehlaziyekayo ehlala ihleli njengelanga nomoya ngokubonelela ngomthwalo osisiseko kunye namandla okuphakama.
Intlanganisela yoMmandla: Amalinge afana nePool Power Pool yeLizwekazi laseAfrika kunye neepaseji zamandla zommandla ajolise ekudaleni iigridi eziqhagamshelweyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iiprojekthi zombane owela imida zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye kuvumela amandla aseleyo asuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuxhasa amanye.
Inkxaso-mali kunye noBudlelwane: Ii-arhente zophuhliso zamazwe ngamazwe, abatyali-zimali babucala, kunye namaziko ahlangeneyo amaninzi aya exhasa iiprojekthi zombane wase-Afrika. Ukufikelela okuphuculweyo kwezemali kunye nobuchule bobugcisa kunceda ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso.
Uphuculo lobuChwephesha: Ubuchwephesha obutsha, obufana neenkqubo zombane ezincinci kunye nezincinci, zivumela ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni kwaye zinciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo kumadama amakhulu.
Imingeni ePhambili
Ngaphandle kwembonakalo entle, uphuhliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi e-Afrika lujongene nemingeni emininzi:
Iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo ezinxulumene nokwakhiwa kwamadama
Ukuguquguquka kwemozulu okuchaphazela ukufumaneka kwamanzi
Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye nemiba yolawulo kwimimandla ebalulekileyo
Izikhewu kwiziseko zophuhliso kunye noqhagamshelo kwigridi enyiniweyo
Ukuqukumbela
Amandla ombane anamandla okuba sisiseko sekamva lamandla azinzileyo e-Afrika. Ngokuphuhlisa ngobuchule iiprojekthi ezinkulu nezinatyisiweyo, kunye nokujongana nemingeni ephambili ngokusebenzisana kwengingqi, uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, iAfrika inokuvula ixabiso elipheleleyo lemithombo yayo yamanzi. Ngotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kunye nentsebenziswano, amandla ombane angakhanyisa izixeko, amashishini ombane, kwaye azise umbane kwizigidi ngezigidi kwilizwekazi liphela.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-28-2025
