Njengoko ukufuna kwehlabathi amandla azinzileyo kuya kungxamiseka ngakumbi, amandla ombane, njengesisombululo esithembekileyo samandla ahlaziyekayo, adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ayinayo nje imbali ende, kodwa ikwakwindawo ephambili kumhlaba wamandla wale mihla. Imithetho-siseko yombane owenziwe ngamanzi Umthetho-siseko osisiseko wombane kukusebenzisa umahluko wenqanaba lamanzi ukuvelisa umbane ngejenereyitha yeinjini yomoya. Xa amanzi empompoza ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, amandla anokubakho aqulethwe kuwo aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-kinetic ukuze aqhube i-iturbine ukuba ijikeleze.
I-injini yomoya emva koko iqhubela i-rotor yejenereyitha ukuba ijikeleze, kwaye ngokomgaqo wokufakelwa kwe-electromotive force, amandla ombane owenziweyo wenziwa kwi-stator winding yejenereyitha, ngaloo ndlela ikhupha amandla ombane. Le nkqubo yokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo amandla amanzi abe ngamandla ombane yeyona ndlela ingundoqo yokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi. Izinto eziluncedo ngokuVuselelwa kombane wamanzi Amanzi bubutyebi bendalo obujikeleza ngokungenasiphelo emhlabeni.
Ngomjikelo wendalo wamanzi, ubutyebi bamanzi bunokuphinda buzaliswe ngokuqhubekayo. Logama nje imitha yelanga ikhona, umjikelo wamanzi uya kuqhubeka, kunye nokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi kunokuqhubeka, oko kuwenza ube ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo ongacimiyo nongenakuphela. Ngokungafaniyo namandla efosili, ayizukujongana nomngcipheko wokuncipha ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Ukucoceka kunye nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuveliswa kwamandla, ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi avelisa phantse kungabikho kukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kwamandla efosili enjengamalahle ne-oyile, ukuveliswa kombane nge-hydropower kuthintela ungcoliseko oluninzi olufana nekharbon diokside, sulfur dioxide, nenitrogen oxides eziveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekudambiseni ukutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi nokuphucula umgangatho womoya. Kwangaxeshanye, ayivelisi nkunkuma eqinileyo, ayiwungcolisi umhlaba namanzi, kwaye ubuhlobo bayo nemekobume yendalo buzicacele. Uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower zinokuhlengahlengisa ngokulula ukuveliswa kombane ngokweemfuno zegridi yamandla. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokongezwa ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yamandla; ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokuncitshiswa kunye nemithombo yamanzi inokugcinwa. Esi sikhundla silungileyo solawulo lomthwalo senza ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kube yinkxaso ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yamandla. Ngaphezu koko, ubomi benkonzo yeeyunithi ze-hydropower bude, ukusebenza kuzinzile, kwaye iindleko zokugcinwa ziphantsi, eziphucula ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwayo. Iinzuzo ezibanzi Ukongeza kumsebenzi wokuvelisa amandla, ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kuhlala kuzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenzuzo ezibanzi ezifana nolawulo lwezandyondyo, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa, kunye nobonelelo lwamanzi.
Amadama angagcina amanzi agqithisileyo ngexesha lemvula ukunciphisa izoyikiso zezikhukula kwiindawo ezisemazantsi omlambo; ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo, amanzi anokukhutshwa ukuhlangabezana nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo kunye neemfuno zamanzi asekhaya. Ukuphucula iimeko zokuhamba kwimilambo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lokuthuthwa kwamanzi. Imeko yangoku yophuhliso lombane wamanzi Okwangoku, umthamo ofakiweyo wokuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi ehlabathini uyaqhubeka nokukhula. Amazwe amaninzi enze ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi ibe yeyona ndawo iphambili yamandla ophuhliso. Umzekelo, i-China yenze impumelelo ephawulekayo kukuveliswa kombane ngamanzi. Njengesona sikhululo sombane samanzi sikhulu ehlabathini, iThree Gorges Hydropower Station inomthamo omkhulu ofakelweyo kwaye ibonelela ngesixa esikhulu sombane ococekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe. Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi eBrazil, eCanada, eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe nako kuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kubume bamandla. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi lukwajongene nemingeni ethile.
Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane ezikhulu zamanzi kunokuba neempembelelo ezithile kubume bendalo, njengokutshintsha inkqubo yendalo yomlambo nokuchaphazela ukufuduka kweentlanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iingxaki ezifana neendleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nemijikelo emide yotyalo-mali nazo zithintele isantya sophuhliso ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji kunye nokunyuka kwengqalelo kukhuseleko lwendalo, ezi ngxaki zisonjululwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Amathemba ekamva Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi yamandla azinzileyo, ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kuya kuzisa indawo ebanzi yophuhliso. Kwelinye icala, ngokusekwe kwizikhululo zamandla ombane ezikhoyo ngoku, ngokuphuculwa kobugcisa kunye nenguqu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kunokuphuculwa kwaye amandla anokuphinda asetyenziswe. Kwelinye icala, iiprojekthi zombane ezincinci kunye nezincinci ziya kufumana ingqalelo kunye nophuhliso. Zilungele iindawo ezikude kunye noluntu oluncinci kwaye zinokubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla acocekileyo kwiindawo zengingqi. Ukongeza, ikwangumkhombandlela obalulekileyo wophuhliso lwexesha elizayo ukudibanisa amandla ombane kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga kunye namandla omoya ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwamandla okuncedisana kunye nokwakha inkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo nesebenzayo.
I-Hydropower ngokungathandabuzekiyo inkokeli phakathi kwezisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ezinokuthenjwa kunye nezibonelelo zayo zokuhlaziya, ukucoceka kunye nokusingqongileyo, uzinzile kwaye uthembekile, kwaye uneenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ezibanzi. Ngaphandle kwemingeni ethile, iya kuqhubeka nokukhanya kwinqanaba lamandla kwixesha elizayo ngokuqhubeka nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula, kunye nokwenza igalelo elikhulu kwinguqu yamandla ehlabathi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngaba ucinga ukuba inkcazo yenqaku yeenzuzo kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwe-hydropower sicacile kwaye sinamandla? Ukuba kukho ulwalathiso olufuna ukuxhaswa okanye ukulungiswa, nceda undazise.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2025
