Izityalo ze-Axial-flow hydropower, zixhotyiswe ngokuqhelekileyo ngee-turbines ze-Kaplan, zilungele iziza ezinentloko ephantsi ukuya kwephakathi kunye namazinga okuhamba okukhulu. Ezi zixhobo zomoya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zedama ezihambisa umlambo kunye namadama asezantsi ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Impumelelo yofakelo lombane owenziwe ngamanzi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yoluntu eyilwe kakuhle neqhutywa ngononophelo, eyenza isiseko sokusebenza kombane, uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko.
1. Ukulungiswa kweSiza kunye nokuPhambuka koMlambo
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe naluphi na ulwakhiwo olukhulu, ukulungiswa kwesiza kubalulekile. Oku kuquka ukucocwa kwendawo yolwakhiwo, ukubeka iindlela zokungena, nokuseka inkqubo yokuphambukisa umlambo ukuze kuhambe amanzi ngendlela eyomileyo nokudala indawo yokusebenza eyomileyo. Iicofferdam—izibiyeli zexeshana ezakhiwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphaya komlambo—zidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwahlula indawo yokwakha emanzini.
2. Ulwakhiwo lokuThatha
Isakhiwo sokuthatha silawula ukungena kwamanzi kwiplanti yamandla kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba akukho nkunkuma, ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwi-injini yomoya. Ibandakanya iiracks zenkunkuma, amasango, kunye neendawo zokugungxula intlenga ngamanye amaxesha. Uyilo olululo lwehydraulic lubalulekile ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwevortex, ukunciphisa ilahleko yentloko, kunye nokukhusela i-injini yomoya kwinkunkuma edadayo.
3. Penstock okanye Open Channel
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo, amanzi asuka kwi-intake athunyelwa kwi-turbine nge-penstocks (iipayipi ezivaliweyo) okanye iziteshi ezivulekileyo. Kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-axial-flow flow-ingakumbi kwizityalo ezisezantsi-i-intake evulekile exhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-turbine isetyenziswa. Uzinzo lwesakhiwo, ukuhamba okufanayo, kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ye-hydraulic yinkxalabo ephambili ngeli nqanaba.
4. Ulwakhiwo lwe-Powerhouse
Indlu yamandla igcina iyunithi ye-injini ye-injini, iinkqubo zolawulo, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo. Kwii-turbines ze-Kaplan, ezihlala zifakwe ngokuthe nkqo, indlu yamandla kufuneka yenzelwe ukuxhasa imithwalo ye-axial enkulu kunye nemikhosi eguqukayo. Ukuzinza kwe-Vibrational, ukunqanda amanzi, kunye nokufikeleleka lula kwisondlo yimiba ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwesakhiwo.
5. I-Draft Tube kunye ne-Tailrace
Ityhubhu eyidrafti idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubuyiseni amandla e-kinetic kumanzi aphuma kwi-injini yomoya. Ityhubhu eyidrafti eyilwe kakuhle yandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Umjelo wetailrace uhambisa amanzi ngokukhuselekileyo emva komlambo. Zombini izakhiwo zifuna ukumila okuchanekileyo ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye neziphumo zamanzi angasemva.
6. Igumbi lokulawula kunye neZakhiwo eziNcedisayo
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziphambili, imisebenzi yoluntu ikwabandakanya ukwakhiwa kwamagumbi olawulo, iindawo zokuhlala abasebenzi, iindibano zocweyo, nezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwezityalo kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide.
7. Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo kunye neGeotechnical
Uphando ngomhlaba, ukuzinzisa ukuthambeka, ulawulo lokhukuliseko, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kucwangciso loluntu. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuhambisa amanzi, iipaseji zeentlanzi (apho zifuneka khona), kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa umhlaba unceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeprojekthi.
Icandelo lobunjineli boluntu lweplanti yombane we-axial-flow hydropower ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo kukonke kunye nobomi obude. Ulwakhiwo ngalunye—ukususela ekuthatheni ukuya kumsila—kufuneka luyilwe ngononophelo kwaye lwakhiwe ukuze lumelane namandla omoya, iimeko zejoloji, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kweenjineli zasekuhlaleni, ababoneleli bezixhobo zombane, kunye neengcali zokusingqongileyo yeyona nto ingundoqo ekuziseni isisombululo sombane okhuselekileyo, esisebenzayo, nesizinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2025
