Njengoko imfuno yamandla acocekileyo kunye nokwabiwa kwamagunya ikhula, amandla ombane amancinci aya kuba yindlela esebenzayo nezinzileyo yokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni kunye noluntu olungekho kwigrid. I-150kW micro hydropower plant yeyona ifanelekileyo yokunika amandla iilali ezincinci, imisebenzi yezolimo, okanye imizi-mveliso ekude. Eli nqaku lichaza amanyathelo aphambili abandakanyekayo ekucwangciseni, ekuyileni nasekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi enjalo.
1. UKhetho lweSiza kunye noPhononongo lokweNzeka
Inyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo kukuchonga indawo efanelekileyo. Imveliso yamandla emveliso ye-hydro ixhomekeke ekuhambeni kwamanzi (Q) kunye nobude bentloko (H).
Imiba ephambili ekufuneka ivavanywe:
Intloko: Umgama othe nkqo amanzi awela (kungcono i-10-50 yeemitha kwi-Francis turbine).
Izinga lokuhamba: Ubonelelo lwamanzi olungaguquguqukiyo unyaka wonke.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo: Qinisekisa uphazamiseko olungephi kwi-ikhosistim.
Ukufikeleleka: Ukuthuthwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulula ukugcinwa.
Uphononongo lwe-hydrological kunye novavanyo lwemfuno yamandla zibalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba isiza sinakho ukuzisa rhoqo i-150kW yamandla.
2. Uyilo lweSistim kunye neMixholo
Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kunokwenzeka, inkqubo kufuneka yenziwe injineli ngezi nxalenye zilandelayo:
Isixhobo esingundoqo:
Ukuthatha amanzi: Ibonisa ububutyobo kunye nokuphambukisa ukuhamba ukusuka emlanjeni okanye kumsinga.
Penstock: Umbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu ohambisa amanzi kwi turbine.
Iturbine: I-150kW i-Francis turbine ilungele intloko ephakathi kunye nokuhamba okuguquguqukayo.
Ijenereyitha: Iguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngumbane.
Inkqubo yokulawula: Ilawula amandla ombane, amaza, kunye nomthwalo.
Tailrace: Ibuyisela amanzi emlanjeni.
Izongezo ezikhethwayo ziquka inkqubo yongqamaniso (yokuqhagamshelo lwegridi) okanye iibhetri/ii-inverters (kwi-hybrid or off-grid setups).
3. Imisebenzi yeCivil neyoMbane
Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi:
Ukwembiwa kunye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi kwindlu yamandla, indawo yokungena, kunye nemijelo yamanzi.
Ukufakwa kombhobho wepenstock kunye nesiseko se-turbine.
UFakelo loMbane:
I-Wiring ye-generator, i-transformer (ukuba kuyimfuneko), izixhobo zokukhusela, kunye nemigca yokuhambisa kwiziko lomthwalo.
Ufakelo lokubeka iliso olukude kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukuba unqwenela.
4. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kunye noLungiselelo
Ukuthenga zonke izixhobo zoomatshini nezombane kubavelisi abathembekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuhambelana phakathi kwe-injini yomoya kunye neenkcukacha zejenereyitha. Ukuthutha ukuya kwindawo kunokuba ngumngeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikude, ngoko cwangcisa izinto ngononophelo.
5. Ukufakela kunye nokuKhomishini
Hlanganisa kwaye ufake i-iturbine, i-generator, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula kwindlu yamandla.
Vavanya inkqubo inyathelo ngenyathelo: ulungelelwaniso lomatshini, ukudityaniswa kombane, iimvavanyo zokuqukuqela kwamanzi.
Yenza uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lomthwalo ngaphambi kokugunyaziswa ngokupheleleyo.
6. Ukusebenza kunye noLondolozo
Imisebenzi yesiqhelo ibandakanya:
Ukukhangela intlenga kunye nobutyobo kwindawo yokungena.
Iibheringi zokubeka iliso, ukuthambisa, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komthwalo rhoqo.
Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi basekuhlaleni ukulawula nokulungisa inkqubo.
7. Ukukhutshwa kwelayisensi kunye nokuBandakanya noLuntu
Fumana iipemethe ezifunekayo kunye nemvume kwabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.
Bandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kuyo yonke iprojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kunye nokuzinza.
Yenza imodeli yolawulo yokusetyenziswa kwengeniso okanye ukwabelana ngamandla kuluntu, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ekwabelwana ngazo.
Ukuqukumbela
I-150kW micro hydropower plant sisisombululo esisebenzayo sokuvelisa amandla acocekileyo, azimeleyo, kunye nexesha elide. Ngokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo, izixhobo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezakhono, iprojekthi enjalo inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, iyenze ibe lutyalo-mali oluhlakaniphile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-29-2025
