I-Hydropower bubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo obusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic emanzini ukwenza umbane. Ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo osetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye neenzuzo ezininzi, ezifana nokuhlaziywa, ukukhutshwa okuphantsi, ukuzinza kunye nokulawula. Umgaqo wokusebenza kwamandla ombane usekwe kwingqikelelo elula: ukusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuhamba kwamanzi ukuqhuba i-iturbine, ethi yona ijike ijenereyitha ukuba ivelise umbane. Amanyathelo okuveliswa kombane ngala: ukuphambukiswa kwamanzi asuka kwidama okanye emlanjeni, efuna umthombo wamanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ilidama (idama elenziweyo) okanye umlambo wendalo, onika amandla; isikhokelo sokuhamba kwamanzi, apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kubhekiswa kwiincakuba ze-injini yomoya ngomjelo wokuguqula. Umjelo wokuguqula unokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukulungelelanisa umthamo wokuvelisa amandla; I-injini yomoya iyasebenza, kwaye nokuhamba kwamanzi kubetha iincakuba zeinjini yomoya, kubangele ukuba ijike. I-injini yomoya iyafana nevili lomoya kwimveliso yamandla omoya; ijenereyitha ivelisa umbane, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-injini yomoya kujikeleza ijenereyitha, eyenza umbane ngomgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic; ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, amandla avelisiweyo adluliselwa kwigridi yamandla kwaye anikezelwe kwizixeko, amashishini kunye nemizi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, inokohlulwa ibe yimveliso yamandla omlambo, ukuveliswa kombane kwidama, ukuveliswa kwamandla olwandle kunye nolwandle, kunye nombane omncinci wamanzi. I-Hydropower ineenzuzo ezininzi, kodwa kunye nokungalunganga. Iinzuzo ikakhulu: amandla ombane ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo. I-Hydropower ixhomekeke kumjikelezo wamanzi, ngoko iyahlaziywa kwaye ayiyi kuphelelwa; ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo. I-Hydropower ayivelisi iigesi ze-greenhouse kunye nezinto ezingcolisa umoya, kwaye inempembelelo encinci kwindalo; iyalawuleka. Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokwemfuno ukunika amandla asisiseko athembekileyo. Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili zezi: iiprojekthi ezinkulu zombane wamanzi zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-ikhosistim, kunye neengxaki zentlalo ezifana nokufuduka kwabahlali kunye nokuthathwa komhlaba; Umbane owenziwe ngamanzi ucuthwa bubukho bobutyebi bamanzi, kwaye imbalela okanye ukwehla kokuhamba kwamanzi kunokuchaphazela umthamo wokuvelisa umbane.
I-Hydropower, njengendlela yokuvuselela amandla, inembali ende. Iiinjini zamanzi zamandulo kunye namavili amanzi: Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-2 BC, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa iiinjini zamanzi kunye namavili amanzi ukuqhuba oomatshini abafana nezixhobo zokusila kunye neesarha. Aba matshini basebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuhamba kwamanzi ukusebenza. Ukuveliswa kombane: Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, abantu baqalisa ukusebenzisa amaziko ombane aphehlwa ngamanzi ukuguqula umbane wamanzi abe ngumbane. Iziko lokuqala lehlabathi lokuthengisa umbane wamanzi lakhiwa eWisconsin, eMelika ngo-1882. Ukwakhiwa kwamadama kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi: Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, umlinganiselo wombane wamanzi wanda kakhulu ngokwakhiwa kwamadama kunye namadama. Iiprojekthi zamadama ezidumileyo ziquka iDama iHoover eMelika kunye neDama lemiwonyo emithathu eTshayina. Inkqubela phambili yezobuGcisa: Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ubuchwephesha bombane owenziwe ngamanzi buphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, kubandakanywa nokuqaliswa kweeinjini zomoya, iijenereyitha zamanzi kunye neenkqubo ezikrelekrele zokulawula, ezithe zaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nokuthembeka kombane oveliswa ngamanzi.
I-Hydropower ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo, ahlaziyekayo, kwaye ikhonkco leshishini layo ligubungela amakhonkco amaninzi abalulekileyo, ukusuka kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi ukuya kukuhanjiswa kwamandla. Ikhonkco lokuqala kwikhonkco loshishino lombane kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi. Oku kuquka ukucwangciswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa kokuhamba kwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi anokunikezelwa ngokuzinzileyo kwiiinjini zomoya zokuvelisa umbane. Ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi ludla ngokufuna imilinganiselo yokubeka iliso efana nemvula, isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nenqanaba lamanzi ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ulawulo lwale mihla lobutyebi bamanzi lukwagxile ekuzinzeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla okuvelisa amandla anokugcinwa naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nembalela. Amadama kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi zizixhobo eziphambili kwikhonkco loshishino lombane owenziwe ngamanzi. Amadama adla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunyusa amanqanaba amanzi kunye nokwenza uxinzelelo lwamanzi, ngokwenjenjalo ukwandisa amandla e-kinetic okuhamba kwamanzi. Amadama asetyenziselwa ukugcina amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi okwaneleyo kunokunikezelwa ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu. Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwamadama kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimeko zejoloji, iimpawu zokuqukuqela kwamanzi kunye nefuthe leekholoji ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nozinzo. Ii-turbines zezona nxalenye zingundoqo kwikhonkco loshishino lombane wamanzi. Xa amanzi ehamba ngeencakuba zeinjini yomoya, amandla ayo ekinetic aguqulwa abe ngamandla omatshini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ijini yomoya ijikeleze. Uyilo kunye nodidi lwe-injini yomoya lunokukhethwa ngokwesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi, izinga lokuhamba kunye nokuphakama ukufikelela kowona mandla aphezulu. Xa i-injini yomoya ijikeleza, iqhuba ijenereyitha edityanisiweyo ukwenza umbane. Ijenereyitha sisixhobo esiphambili esiguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane. Ngokubanzi, umgaqo wokusebenza wejenereyitha kukuphembelela okwangoku ngokusebenzisa indawo ejikelezayo yamagnetic ukuvelisa umsinga otshintshanayo. Uyilo kunye nomthamo wejenereyitha kufuneka kumiselwe ngokwemfuno yamandla kunye neempawu zokuhamba kwamanzi. Amandla aveliswa yijenereyitha atshintshatshintshayo ngoku, adla ngokufuna ukusetyenzwa ngesitishi. Imisebenzi ephambili yesitishi esincinci ibandakanya ukunyuka (ukunyusa amandla ombane ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla xa umbane uhanjiswa) kunye nokuguqula uhlobo lwangoku (ukuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC okanye ngokuphambeneyo) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuhambisa amandla. Ikhonkco lokugqibela kukuhanjiswa kwamandla. Umbane oveliswa sisikhululo samandla ugqithiselwa kubasebenzisi bamandla ezidolophini, kwimizi-mveliso okanye emaphandleni ngeentambo zothumelo. Iintambo zothumelo kufuneka zicwangciswe, ziyilwe kwaye zigcinwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbane uhanjiswa ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo. Kwezinye iindawo, umbane unokufuna ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa isitishi esincinane ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane ohlukeneyo kunye neefrikhwensi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-12-2024
