Iiturbines zikaFrancis ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezityalo zamandla ombane ngamanzi, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo. Ezi turbines zibizwa ngegama lomqambi wazo, uJames B. Francis, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kwamandla ombane emhlabeni jikelele. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokubaluleka kwezityalo zamandla ombane zikaFrancis kwicandelo lokuvelisa amandla azinzileyo.
I-Anatomy kaFrancis Turbines
Iiturbines zikaFrancis luhlobo lweturbine yamanzi eyenzelwe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu ze-hydraulic head, eziqhele ukuba phakathi kweemitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-700. Uyilo lwazo luquka zombini izinto ezihamba nge-radial kunye ne-axial flow, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-turbine kaFrancis luqulathe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
Umgijimi: Le yintliziyo yeturbine, apho amanzi angena aze asebenzisane neeblade ukuze avelise amandla oomatshini. Umgijimi unoluhlu lweeblade ezigobileyo ezenzelwe ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla e-kinetic okuhamba kwamanzi.
I-Spiral Casing: I-spiral casing iqondisa amanzi kwi-runner ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamandla amaninzi. Inceda ukugcina ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo njengoko amanzi engena kwi-turbine.
Ityhubhu Yokudlulela: Emva kokudlula kwi-runner, amanzi aphuma ngetyhubhu yokukhupha amanzi, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni isantya sokuphuma kunye noxinzelelo, okwandisa ukukhupha amandla.
Ukusebenza kukaFrancis Turbines
Ukusebenza kwee-turbines zikaFrancis kusekelwe kumgaqo wokuguqula amandla anokubakho amanzi awelayo abe ngamandla oomatshini, aze aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane. Nantsi inkcazo-bume elula yendlela ezisebenza ngayo:
Ukungena kwamanzi: Amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu ajoliswa kwi-spiral casing, apho angena khona kwi-runner.
Ukuguqulwa kwamandla: Njengoko amanzi ehamba ngaphakathi kwi-runner, abetha kwiiblade ezigobileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-runner ijikeleze. Le ntshukumo yokujikeleza iguqula amandla e-kinetic amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini.
Amandla ombane ukusuka kumatshini ukuya kumbane: Isixhobo esijikelezayo siqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha, eguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa imigaqo yokungenisa amandla ombane.
Ukuveliswa koMbane: Amandla ombane avelisiweyo emva koko afakwa kwigridi yombane ukuze asasazwe emakhaya nakwimizi-mveliso.
Iingenelo zeFrancis Turbine Power Plants
Izityalo zamandla ze-turbine zikaFrancis zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:
Ukusebenza kakuhle: Zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zombane wamanzi.
Ukuguquguquka: Iiturbine zeFrancis ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwamazinga okuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ziyakwazi ukusingatha zombini izicelo eziphantsi neziphezulu.
Amandla acocekileyo: Amandla ombane ahlaziyiweyo kwaye avelisa ukukhutshwa okuncinci kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu, nto leyo enegalelo kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.
Ukuthembeka: Ezi turbines zaziwa ngokuqina kwazo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, zihlala zidlula amashumi eminyaka aliqela.
Isiphelo
Izityalo zamandla ze-turbine zikaFrancis zimi njengobungqina bobuchule bomntu ekusebenziseni amandla amanzi aqukuqelayo ukuvelisa umbane ococekileyo. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheleni kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo, zibonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo nesinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ezikhulayo zehlabathi. Njengoko siqhubeka nokuphonononga iindlela ezicocekileyo nezisebenzayo zokuvelisa umbane, ii-turbine zikaFrancis zihlala zisisiseko sokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-28-2023
