Iiinjini zomoya zaseFrancis ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezityalo zamandla ombane oqhutywa ngamanzi, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo. Ezi turbines zithiywe ngegama lomqambi wazo, uJames B. Francis, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kufakelo lombane olwahlukeneyo lwamanzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Kule nqaku, siza kuphonononga iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokubaluleka kwezityalo zamandla e-Francis turbine kwindawo yokuvelisa amandla azinzileyo.
IAnatomy kaFrancis Turbines
Iiinjini ze-Francis luhlobo lweinjini yamanzi eyilelwe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko zentloko ye-hydraulic ephezulu, ephakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-700 eemitha. Uyilo lwabo lubandakanya zombini i-radial kunye ne-axial flow components, ezenza ukuba ziguquguquke kuluhlu olubanzi lwamazinga okuhamba kwamanzi.
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-injini yomoya kaFrancis lunezinto ezininzi eziphambili:
Umbaleki: Le yintliziyo yeinjini yomoya, apho amanzi angena khona kwaye adibane neencakuba ukuvelisa amandla oomatshini. Imbaleki inoluhlu lweencakuba ezigobileyo ezenzelwe ukubophelela ngokufanelekileyo amandla ekinetic okuhamba kwamanzi.
I-Spiral Casing: I-spiral casing ikhokelela amanzi kwimbaleki enelahleko encinci yamandla. Inceda ukugcina ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo njengoko amanzi engena kwi-injini yomoya.
I-Draft Tube: Emva kokudlula kwimbaleki, amanzi aphuma kwi-tube eyidrafti, enceda ekunciphiseni isantya sokuphuma kunye noxinzelelo, ukwandisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kweFrancis Turbines
Ukusebenza kwee turbines zeFrancis kusekelwe kumgaqo wokuguqula amandla anokubakho amanzi awelayo abe ngamandla omatshini, athi ke aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane. Nantsi isishwankathelo esenziwe lula sendlela abasebenza ngayo:
Ukungeniswa kwamanzi: Amanzi aphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu aqondiswe kwi-spiral casing, apho ingena khona kwimbaleki.
Ukuguqulwa kwamandla: Njengoko amanzi ehamba kwimbaleki, ibetha iincakuba ezigobileyo, ezibangela ukuba imbaleki ijikeleze. Le ntshukumo ijikelezayo iguqula amandla ekinetic wamanzi abe ngamandla omatshini.
Umatshini ukuya kuMandla oMbane: Imbaleki ejikelezayo iqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha, eguqula amandla omatshini abe ngamandla ombane ngemigaqo yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.
Ukuveliswa koMbane: Amandla ombane aveliswayo athi afakwe kwigridi yamandla ukuze asasazeke kumakhaya nakwimizi-mveliso.
Izinto eziluncedo zeFrancis Turbine Power Plants
UFrancis turbine powerplants zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:
Ukusebenza kakuhle: Banokusebenza okuphezulu kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zokusebenza, okubenza bafanelekele iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zombane wamanzi.
Ukuguquguquka: Ii-injini zeFrancis ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphatha izicelo zombini eziphantsi kunye eziphezulu.
Amandla acocekileyo: Amandla ombane ahlaziywa ngokutsha kwaye avelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi encinci ye-greenhouse, igalelo kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.
Ukuthembeka: Ezi turbines ziyaziwa ngokuqina kwazo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, zihlala zidlula amashumi eminyaka.
Ukuqukumbela
Amaziko ombane ei-injini ye-Francis ame njengobungqina bokusungula abantu ekusebenziseni amandla okuqukuqela kwamanzi ukuvelisa umbane ococekileyo. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshintsho olusingise kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo, bebonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo nesilungele ukuphilisana kwendalo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamandla ezikhulayo zehlabathi. Njengoko siqhubeka sijonga iindlela ezicocekileyo nezisebenzayo zokuvelisa umbane, iiinjini zomoya zaseFrancis zihlala zisisiseko sokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-28-2023
