1, Imveliso yejenereyitha yevili iyancipha
(1) Isizathu
Phantsi kwemeko yentloko yamanzi engaguqukiyo, xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kufikelele kwindawo evulekileyo engenamthwalo, kodwa i-turbine ingafikelelanga kwisantya esilinganisiweyo, okanye xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kunyusiwe kunokokuqala kwimveliso efanayo, kuthathwa ukuba imveliso yeyunithi ihlile. Izizathu eziphambili zokwehla kwemveliso zezi zilandelayo: 1. Ukulahleka kokuhamba kwe-turbine ye-hydraulic; 2. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic ye-turbine ye-hydraulic; 3. Ukulahleka koomatshini kwe-turbine ye-hydraulic.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kweyunithi okanye ukuvalwa kwayo, ubunzulu obungaphantsi kwamanzi betyhubhu yokudonsa akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-300mm (ngaphandle kwe-implife turbine). 2. Nika ingqalelo ekungeneni kwamanzi okanye ukuphuma kwawo ukuze amanzi ahambe kakuhle kwaye agudileyo. 3. Gcina i-runner isebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye umise umatshini ukuze uhlolwe kwaye unyangwe xa kukho ingxolo. 4. Kwi-turbine ye-blade esisigxina ye-axial-flow, ukuba imveliso yeyunithi iyehla ngequbuliso kwaye ukungcangcazela kuyaqina, kufuneka kuvalwe ngoko nangoko ukuze kuhlolwe.
2, ubushushu bephedi yokuthwala iyunithi bunyuka kakhulu
(1) Isizathu
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebheringi zee-hydraulic turbines: i-guide bearing kunye ne-thrust bearing. Iimeko zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwebheringi kukufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuthambisa kakuhle kunye nokunikezelwa okuqhelekileyo kwamanzi okupholisa. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuthambisa: ukuthambisa ngamanzi, ukuthambisa ioyile encinci kunye nokuthambisa okomileyo. Izizathu zokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobushushu be-shaft zezi zilandelayo: okokuqala, umgangatho wokufakelwa kwebheringi awulunganga okanye ibheringi igugile; Okwesibini, ukusilela kwenkqubo yeoyile yokuthambisa; Okwesithathu, ilebhile yeoyile yokuthambisa ayihambelani okanye umgangatho yeoyile awulunganga; 4. Ukusilela kwenkqubo yamanzi okupholisa; 5. Iyunithi iyangcangcazela ngenxa yesizathu esithile; Okwesithandathu, inqanaba leoyile yebheringi liphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuza kweoyile.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Kwi-bearings ezithanjiswe ngamanzi, amanzi okuthambisa kufuneka ahluzwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi. Amanzi akufuneki abe ne-sediment eninzi kunye nezinto zeoyile ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kwee-bearings kunye nokuguga kwerabha.
2. Iibheringi ezityibilikisiweyo ngeoyile ezincinci zihlala zizijikelezisa ngokwazo. Ii-oyile slingers kunye nee-thrust discs ziyasetyenziswa. Ioyile inikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokujikeleziswa kweyunithi. Nika ingqalelo kwimeko yokusebenza ye-oyile slinger. I-oyile slinger ayivumelekanga ukuba inamathele. Imeko yokunikezelwa kweoyile ye-thrust disc kunye nenqanaba leoyile yetanki yeoyile yeposi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe.
3. Thambisa i-bearing nge-oyile eyomileyo. Nika ingqalelo ukuba iinkcukacha ze-oyile eyomileyo ziyahambelana na ne-oyile eyomileyo kunye nokuba umgangatho we-oyile ulungile na. Yongeza i-oyile rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo evulekileyo yi-1/3 ~ 2/5.
4. Izixhobo zokuvala iibheringi kunye nemibhobho yamanzi okupholisa zikwimeko entle ukuthintela amanzi axinzelelweyo kunye nothuli ukuba lungangeni kwiibheringi kwaye lonakalise ukuthambisa okuqhelekileyo kweebheringi.
5. Ukususwa kokufakwa kwebheriya yokuthambisa kunxulumene noxinzelelo lweyunithi yesihlahla sebheriya, isantya sokujikeleza esithe ngqo, imo yokuthambisa, i-oyile ethambileyo, ukucutshungulwa kwecandelo, ukuchaneka kokufakwa kunye nokungcangcazela kweyunithi.
3, iyunithi yokungcangcazela
(1) Ukungcangcazela koomatshini, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa zizizathu zoomatshini.
isizathu; Okokuqala, i-hydraulic turbine ithambekele ecaleni; Okwesibini, iziko le-axis ye-turbine kunye nejenereyitha alilungelelaniswanga kwaye uqhagamshelo alulunganga; Okwesithathu, i-bearing inesiphako okanye ukulungiswa kwe-clearance akufanelekile, ingakumbi i-clearance inkulu kakhulu; 4. Ukungqubana kunye nokungqubana phakathi kweendawo ezijikelezayo kunye neendawo ezimileyo
（2） Ukungcangcazela kwe-hydraulic, ukungcangcazela kweyunithi okubangelwa kukungalingani kokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-runner
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-guide vane yonakele kwaye iibholithi zaphukile, nto leyo ebangele ukuvulwa okungalinganiyo kwe-guide vane kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okungalinganiyo ngeenxa zonke ze-runner; Okwesibini, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo kwi-volute okanye i-runner ivalwe ziintlobo ngeentlobo, ukuze ukuhamba kwamanzi okujikeleza i-runner kungalingani; Okwesithathu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-draft tube akuzinzanga, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho oluqhubekayo kuxinzelelo lwamanzi kwi-draft tube, okanye umoya ungena kwi-spiral case ye-hydraulic turbine, nto leyo ebangela ukungcangcazela kweyunithi kunye nokugquma kokuhamba kwamanzi.
(3) Ukungcangcazela kombane kubhekisa ekungcangcazeleni kweyunithi okubangelwa kukungalingani okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubungakanani bombane.
Izizathu: okokuqala, umsinga we-generator onezigaba ezintathu awulingani ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwangoku, amandla e-electromagnetic anezigaba ezintathu akalingani; Okwesibini, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwangoku olubangelwa yingozi yombane lwenza isantya se-generator kunye ne-turbine singakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngoko nangoko; Okwesithathu, umsantsa phakathi kwe-stator kunye ne-rotor awulingani, nto leyo ebangela ukungazinzi kwe-magnetic field ejikelezayo.
（4） Ukungcangcazela kwe-cavitation, ukungcangcazela kweyunithi okubangelwa kukufakelwa kwe-cavitation.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukungalingani kwe-hydraulic, apho ubukhulu bayo bunyuka ngokunyuka kokuhamba; Okwesibini kukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukungalingani okubangelwa bubunzima obungaqhelekanga bomgijimi, unxibelelwano olubi lweyunithi kunye nobukhulu bayo, kwaye ubukhulu bayo buyanda ngokunyuka kwesantya esijikelezayo; Okwesithathu kukungcangcazela okubangelwa ngumphezulu wombane. Ubukhulu bayo buyanda ngokunyuka komsinga wokukhupha umoya. Xa ukungcangcazela kususiwe, ukungcangcazela kunokunyamalala; Okwesine kukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukukhukuliseka kwe-cavitation. Ubukhulu bayo bunxulumene nomthwalo wengingqi, ngamanye amaxesha uphazamisekile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha udlamkile. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho ingxolo engqongqozayo kwityhubhu yokudonsa umoya, kwaye kunokubakho into yokujika kwimitha yokukhupha umoya.
4, ubushushu bephedi yeebhereyitha zeyunithi buyanyuka kwaye buphezulu kakhulu
(1) Isizathu
1. Izizathu zokugcinwa nokufakelwa: ukuvuza kwesitya seoyile, indawo yokufaka ityhubhu yepitot ayichanekanga, umsantsa wethayile awuhlangabezani neemfuno, kwaye ukungcangcazela kweyunithi okubangelwa ngumgangatho wokufakela akuqhelekanga;
2. Izizathu zokusebenza: ukusebenza kwindawo yokungcangcazela, ukungaphumeleli ukongeza ioyile ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngenxa yomgangatho weoyile yokuthwala ongaqhelekanga kunye nenqanaba leoyile, ukungaphumeleli ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okupholisa kunye nomthamo wamanzi owaneleyo, okubangela ukusebenza komatshini ixesha elide ngesantya esiphantsi.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Xa ubushushu bebheri bunyuka, qala ujonge ioyile yokuthambisa, uze wongeze okanye udibanise ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze ufake ioyile endaweni yayo; Lungisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi abandayo okanye utshintshe imo yokuhambisa amanzi; Vavanya ukuba ukungcangcazela kweyunithi kudlula na umgangatho. Ukuba ukungcangcazela akunakususwa, iyunithi iya kuvalwa;
2. Kwimeko yokukhupha ubushushu, jonga ukuba ukuvala kuqhelekile na, kwaye ujonge ukuba isihlahla esithwalayo sitshile na. Nje ukuba isihlahla sitshile, sitshintshe ngesinye okanye usigaye kwakhona.
5, ukusilela kokulawula isantya
Xa ukuvulwa kwerhuluneli kuvaliwe ngokupheleleyo, umgijimi akanakuma de kuvulwe i-guide vane kungenakulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, okubizwa ngokuba kukusilela kokulawula isantya. Izizathu: okokuqala, uqhagamshelo lwe-guide vane lugobile, olungenakukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-guide vane ingavalwa kwaye iyunithi ayinakumiswa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iiyunithi ezincinci azinazo izixhobo zokubhuleka, kwaye iyunithi ayinakuma okwethutyana phantsi kwesenzo se-inertia. Okwangoku, ungacingi ngempazamo ukuba ayikavalwa. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuvala i-guide vane, intonga yokudibanisa iya kugobeka. Okwesibini, ukusilela kokulawula isantya kubangelwa kukusilela kwe-automatic governor. Kwimeko yokusebenza okungaqhelekanga kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, ngakumbi kwimeko yengxaki yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweyunithi, zama ukumisa umatshini ngoko nangoko ukuze unyangwe. Ukusebenza ngokungakhathali kuya kwandisa kuphela isiphene. Ukuba irhuluneli iyasilela kwaye indlela yokuvula i-guide vane ayinakuma, ivalvu ephambili ye-turbine iya kusetyenziselwa ukucima ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-turbine.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango: 1. Coca rhoqo iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi, ugcine sicocekile, kwaye ugcwalise rhoqo indawo eshukumayo; 2. Iirakhi zenkunkuma mazibekwe kwindawo yokungena kwaye zilungiswe rhoqo; 3. Kwi-hydraulic turbine nasiphi na isixhobo sesithuthi, qaphela ukutshintsha iibrake pads ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye wongeze ioyile yebrake.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-28-2022
