Uphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo luye lwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yamandla ehlabathi, kwaye njengenye yezona ndlela zindala kunye nezona zivuthiweyo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga isikhundla kunye nokubanakho kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kumandla ahlaziyekayo, kuquka neempawu zawo zobugcisa, iintsingiselo zophuhliso, imingeni, kunye namathemba.
1, Iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza yokuvelisa amandla ombane ngamanzi
Ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kusebenzisa umthetho-siseko wokuguqula umbane wamanzi ube ngamandla ombane, kwaye uphumeza inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwezikhululo zombane. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa amandla ombane owenziwe ngamanzi, ezifana nokuveliswa kombane weijikoni yamanzi, ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamaza, njl.njl. Ifomu nganye ineempawu ezizodwa kunye nemimandla yokusetyenziswa.
Uveliso lwamandla oMjikelo wombane yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi itekhnoloji yombane wamanzi. Umgaqo osisiseko kukusebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuqhuba i-injini yomoya ukujikeleza, ngaloo ndlela uqhuba i-generator ukuvelisa umbane. Ukuveliswa kwamandla olwandle yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla olwandle abe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane wamaza olwandle, kuthatyathwe ithuba lokwahluka kobude kunye nesantya seentshukumo zamaza.
2, Isikhundla kunye nokubaluleka koMbane woMbane kuMbane oVuselelwayo
Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, kuneendawo ezininzi kunye nokubaluleka.
Okokuqala, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi ubalelwa kumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wobonelelo lwamandla kwihlabathi kwaye ubonelela ngenkxaso yokuthembeka kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yamandla. Ngokwe-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe, amandla ombane asebenza ngamanzi amalunga ne-16% yetotali yemveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi jikelele, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala.
Okwesibini, inkqubo yokusebenza yokuveliswa kombane wamanzi phantse ayinakukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, enenzuzo enkulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kwamandla efosili, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi unempembelelo encinci kungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kwaye unokujongana ngempumelelo nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemiba yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
3, IiNdlela zoPhuhliso kunye nobuChwephesha obutsha boMbane woMbane woMbane
Ishishini lombane owenziwe ngamanzi lijongene nomkhwa wophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha.
Kwelinye icala, izikhululo zombane ezikhulu kunye nezikhululo zombane ezincinci zamanzi zihlala kunye, ngasinye sineempawu zaso kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Izikhululo zombane ezikhulu zamanzi zidla ngokuba nomthamo ophezulu ofakelweyo kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa umbane, ezinokubonelela ngenkxaso yobonelelo lwamandla amakhulu. Izikhululo zombane ezincinci zamanzi zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye zilungele unikezelo lwamandla olunatyisiweyo kunye nonikezelo lombane kwiindawo ezikude.
Kwelinye icala, itekhnoloji yombane we-hydropower ihlala iphucuka ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kakuhle, ukuzinza, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo. Itekhnoloji yombane wesintu sele ikhulile kakhulu, kodwa kusekho imida ethile, efana nokuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamanzi kunye nefuthe kubume bendalo. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji entsha yombane kunye nezisombululo ezintsha zifumene ingqalelo ebanzi kunye nophando.
Ukuveliswa kombane wamaza bubuchwephesha obuvelayo bombane osetyenziswa ngamanzi obusebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwamaxesha ngamaxesha ukuvelisa umbane. Ngezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla amaza olwandle, amandla olwandle anokuguqulwa ngempumelelo abe ngamandla ombane. Obu buchwephesha bukhulile ngokwentelekiso kwaye bunokuxelwa kwangaphambili kunye nozinzo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kubonelelo lwamandla kwimimandla ethile.
Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yombane wamanzi anzongonzongo ifumene ingqwalasela njengokhokelo oluyilayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umbane wesintu owenziwe ngamanzi ngokwesiqhelo ufuna amadama amakhulu kunye namadama, ngelixa umbane wamanzi anzulu unokuvelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa imisinga yolwandle kunye namandla olwandle ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakhiwa kwamadama. Le teknoloji inexabiso eliphantsi kunye nempembelelo encinci kwimeko yendalo.
I-4, Imingeni kunye neeNgxaki ezijongene nokuVeliswa koMbane woMbane
Nangona umbane owenziwe ngamanzi uneengenelo ezininzi, ukwajongene nemingeni kunye neengxaki.
Okokuqala, ukunqongophala kokufumaneka kwemithombo yombane oqhutywa ngamanzi ngomnye wemiba ephambili ethintela uphuhliso lokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kuxhomekeke kubukho bobutyebi bamanzi kunye nokuzinza komthamo wamanzi. Ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufumaneka kobutyebi bamanzi kunokutshintsha, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazele uzinzo nokuthembeka kokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.
Okwesibini, ifuthe lolwakhiwo lwesikhululo sombane owenziwe ngamanzi kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ikwayimibandela efuna ukuqwalaselwa. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane ezikhulu zamanzi kudla ngokufuna uhlengahlengiso kunye neenguqu kwimilambo kunye ne-ecosystem, enokuba nefuthe ekufudukeni kweentlanzi, kwi-ecosystem yasemanzini, kunye nokuhamba kwendalo kwemilambo. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokucwangcisa kunye nokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zombane wamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukukhuselwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yendalo.
Ngeli xesha, ukuba nokwenzeka kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zokuvelisa umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi nako kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Nangona amandla ombane aneenzuzo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobomi obude ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide, iindleko zokwakhiwa kwawo ziphezulu ngokwentelekiso, ngakumbi kwizikhululo zombane ezikhulu. Ukongeza, iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zombane owenziwe ngamanzi nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kubandakanywa nokugcinwa kwedama, ukuhlaziywa kwezixhobo, njl.
5, Amathemba ekamva kunye neNdlela yoPhuhliso lweSiveliso soMbane woMbane
Ngaphandle kokujongana nemiceli mngeni kunye neengxaki, amandla ombane asenawo amandla amakhulu kunye nophuhliso olubanzi lwamathemba.
Okokuqala, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo nokuyila kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe obutsha beinjini yeinjini yamanzi, ubuchwephesha bokuvelisa umbane ngamaza, kunye nobuchwephesha bokuvelisa umbane wamanzi anzulu kumanzi anzulu kuya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nozinzo lokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi, ngokwenjenjalo komeleza uqoqosho lwayo nokuzinza.
Okwesibini, umlinganiselo wombane owenziwe ngamanzi kubonelelo lulonke lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kulindeleke ukuba unyuke ngakumbi. Njengoko imfuno yehlabathi yamandla ahlaziyekayo iqhubeka nokukhula, amandla ombane, njengohlobo oluvuthiweyo noluthembekileyo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, luya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kubume bamandla. Ngokukodwa malunga nokucheba okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwinkqubo yamandla, i-hydropower ineenzuzo ezizodwa kunye namandla.
Okokugqibela, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neeprojekthi zokubonisa ekuveliseni umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi nazo zibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwalo lwexesha elizayo. Intsebenziswano kunye notshintshiselwano phakathi kwamazwe kummandla wombane ophehlwa ngamanzi ayaqhubeka ukomelela. Ngokwabelana ngamava, uphando oluhlangeneyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso lweshishini lombane wamanzi lunokukhuthazwa, kunye neenjongo zamandla ezizinzileyo zehlabathi zinokufezekiswa.
Isiphelo: Amandla ombane wamanzi, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamandla avuselelekayo, aneenzuzo ezifana netheknoloji evuthiweyo, ubuhlobo bendalo, kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kokunikezelwa kwamandla. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemingeni ethile kunye nemiba, amandla ombane asenamandla amakhulu kunye namathemba abanzi kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente, amashishini, kunye nawo onke amacandelo oluntu kufuneka andise utyalo-mali kunye nenkxaso ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi kunye nokwenza igalelo elihle ekufezekiseni amandla azinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-19-2024
