Isikhululo samandla ombane esisebenza ngamanzi sinenkqubo ye-hydraulic, inkqubo yoomatshini, kunye nesixhobo sokuvelisa amandla ombane. Yiprojekthi yesikhungo sokugcina amanzi esiguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla ombane. Uzinzo lwemveliso yamandla ombane lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi ngokungaphazanyiswayo kwizikhululo zamandla ombane.
Ngokwakha inkqubo yokugcina amanzi, ukusasazwa kwezixhobo ze-hydraulic ngexesha nakwindawo kunokulawulwa ngokwenziwa kwaye kutshintshwe ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo ze-hydraulic. Ukuze kuguqulwe ngempumelelo amandla amanzi kwidama abe ngamandla ombane, isikhululo samandla e-hydropower kufuneka siphunyezwe ngenkqubo ye-hydro mechanical kunye ne-electric, equka ikakhulu imibhobho yokutshintsha uxinzelelo, ii-turbines, iijenereyitha, kunye neepayipi zasemva.
1, Indlela Ecocekileyo Yamandla
Ngomhla we-11 kweyeThupha ngo-2023, iChina Three Gorges Corporation yabhengeza ukuba eyona ndlela inkulu yamandla acocekileyo ehlabathini ineeyunithi zokusebenza ezili-100, nto leyo ebeka inqanaba eliphezulu elitsha kulo nyaka ngokwenani leeyunithi ezisebenza.
Izikhululo zamandla ezintandathu ezinqumlayo zaseWudongde, eBaihetan, eXiluodu, eXiangjiaba, eThree Gorges, naseGezhouba kumlambo oyintloko woMlambo iYangtze ukuze kusetyenziswe kwaye kulawulwe inkqubo yamandla yoMlambo iYangtze kunye zenza eyona ndlela inkulu yamandla acocekileyo ehlabathini.
2, izikhululo zamandla ombane zaseTshayina
1. Isikhululo samanzi saseJinsha River Baihetan
Ngomhla wesi-3 ku-Agasti, umsitho wokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwesikhululo samanzi iJinsha River Baihetan Hydropower Station wabanjwa ezantsi komngxuma wesiseko sedama. Ngaloo mini, isikhululo samanzi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esakhiwayo nesifakelwayo, iBaihetan Hydropower Station, sangena kwinqanaba lokwakhiwa ngokupheleleyo kweprojekthi ephambili.
Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseBaihetan sikwiindawo ezisezantsi zoMlambo iJinsha kwiSithili saseNingnan, kwiPhondo laseSichuan nakwiSithili saseQiaojia, kwiPhondo laseYunnan, sinomthamo opheleleyo wee-kilowatts ezili-16 lezigidi. Emva kokuba sigqityiwe, sisenokuba sisikhululo sikagesi samanzi sesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweDama leeGorges ezintathu.
Le projekthi yakhiwe yiChina Three Gorges Corporation kwaye isebenza njengomthombo wamandla osisiseko kwisicwangciso samandla sesizwe se-"West East Power Transmission".
2. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseWudongde
Isikhululo sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower sikwicala loMlambo iJinsha kwindawo edibana kuyo amaphondo aseSichuan naseYunnan. Sisiqalo sokuqala sezikhululo zikagesi ezine eziphantsi komhlaba woMlambo iJinsha, ezizezi: iWudongde, isikhululo sikagesi iBaihetan Hydropower, isikhululo sikagesi iXiluodu Hydropower, kunye nesikhululo sikagesi iXiangjiaba Hydropower.
Ngentsimbi ye-11:12 kusasa nge-16 kaJuni 2021, iyunithi yokugqibela yeSitishi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower, esesixhenxe kwihlabathi kwaye sesine ngobukhulu eTshayina, igqibe ngempumelelo umsebenzi wovavanyo lweeyure ezingama-72 kwaye yadityaniswa kwiSouthern Power Grid, yaqaliswa ngokusesikweni ukuvelisa umbane. Okwangoku, zonke iiyunithi ezili-12 zeSitishi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower ziqalisiwe ukuvelisa umbane.
Isikhululo sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower yiprojekthi yokuqala enkulu yamandla ombane enamandla ee-kilowatts ezili-10 eTshayina eqalile ukuyakha kwaye yaqalisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ukusukela kwiNgqungquthela yeSizwe ye-18 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina. Yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso "sokuThunyelwa koMbane eNtshona Mpuma" kunye nokwakha inkqubo yamandla ecocekileyo, engenakhabhoni ininzi, ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.
3. Isitishi sikagesi samanzi saseShilongba
Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseShilongba sisikhululo sokuqala sikagesi samanzi eTshayina. Saqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kweQing Dynasty saza sagqitywa kwiRiphabliki yaseTshayina. Sakhiwa yinkampani yabucala ngelo xesha kwaye sikwiindawo eziphezulu zoMlambo iTangle eHaikou, kwiSithili saseXishan, kwiSixeko saseKunming, kwiPhondo laseYunnan.
4. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseManwan
Isikhululo sikagesi iManwan Hydropower sesona sikhululo sikagesi esikhulu esingabizi kakhulu, kwaye sikwayisikhululo sikagesi isigidi seekhilowathi sokuqala esakhiwe kwisiseko sikagesi esiphambili somlambo iLancang. Esiphezulu sisikhululo sikagesi iXiaowan Hydropower, kwaye esisezantsi sisikhululo sikagesi iDachaoshan Hydropower.
5. Isitishi sikagesi samanzi saseTianba
Isikhululo sikagesi iTianba Hydropower sikwiMlambo iChuhe kwiSithili saseZhenba, kwiPhondo laseShaanxi. Siqala kwiSikhululo sikagesi iXiaonanhai size siphele emlonyeni woMlambo iPianxi kwiSithili saseZhenba. Siphantsi kweprojekthi yohlobo lwesine oluncinci (1), apho inqanaba eliphambili lesakhiwo likwiklasi yesine kwaye inqanaba lesibini lesakhiwo likwiklasi yesihlanu.
6. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi seeNtlambo ezintathu
Idama iThree Gorges, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiThree Gorges Water Conservancy Hub Project okanye iThree Gorges Project, liziko lombane elinamanyathelo amaninzi.
Icandelo leXiling Gorge loMlambo iYangtze, elikwiSixeko saseYichang, kwiPhondo laseHubei, eTshayina, lelona sikhululo samandla ombane esikhulu emhlabeni kwaye lelona projekthi yobunjineli inkulu eyakha yakhiwa eTshayina.
Isikhululo sikagesi iThree Gorges Hydropower savunywa ukuba sakhiwe yiNational People's Congress ngo-1992, saqala ukwakhiwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1994, saqala ukugcina amanzi kunye nokuveliswa kombane emva kwemini ngomhla woku-1 kuJuni ngo-2003, saza sagqitywa ngo-2009.
Ulawulo lwezikhukula, ukuveliswa kombane, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla zezona zibonelelo zintathu ziphambili zeProjekthi yeThree Gorges, apho ulawulo lwezikhukula luthathwa njengeyona nzuzo iphambili yeProjekthi yeThree Gorges.
7. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseBaishan
Isikhululo sikagesi iBaishan Hydropower sesona sikhululo sikagesi i-hydropower kuMntla-mpuma weTshayina. Siprojekthi evelisa umbane kwaye ineenzuzo zokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ezifana nokulawula izikhukula kunye nokufuywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini. Siyeyona ndawo iphambili yokucheba, ukulawulwa kwamaza, kunye nomthombo wamandla ongxamiseko wenkqubo yamandla iNortheast.
8. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseFengman
Isikhululo sikagesi iFengman Hydropower, esikuMlambo iSonghua kwisiXeko saseJilin, kwiPhondo laseJilin, saziwa ngokuba “ngumama wamandla ombane aphuma emanzini” kunye “nesiqalo samandla ombane aphuma emanzini aseTshayina”. Sakhiwa ngexesha lokuthathwa kweJapan kuMntla-mpuma weTshayina ngo-1937 kwaye yayisesona sikhululo sikagesi samanzi eAsia ngelo xesha.
9. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseLongtan
Isikhululo sikagesi iLongtan Hydropower, esikwiikhilomitha ezili-15 ukusuka eTian'e County eGuangxi, sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo seprojekthi ethi “West East Power Transmission”.
10. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseXiluodu
Isikhululo sikagesi iXiluodu Hydropower sikwicandelo leJinsha River Gorge kwindawo edibana kuyo iLeibo County kwiPhondo laseSichuan kunye neYongshan County kwiPhondo laseYunnan. Siyenye yemithombo yamandla engundoqo ye-"West East Power Transmission" yaseTshayina, ikakhulu yokuvelisa umbane, kwaye ineengenelo ezibanzi ezifana nokulawula izikhukula, ukuvalelwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nokuphucula iimeko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla emanzini asezantsi.
11. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi saseXiangjiaba
Isikhululo sikagesi iXiangjiaba Hydropower sikwimida yeSixeko saseYibin, iPhondo laseSichuan kunye neSixeko saseShuifu, iPhondo laseYunnan, kwaye sisikhululo sikagesi esikumgangatho wokugqibela seSiseko sikagesi iJinsha River Hydropower. Iqela lokuqala leeyunithi laqaliswa ukusebenza ukuze kuveliswe umbane ngoNovemba ka-2012.
12. Isikhululo sikagesi samanzi sase-Ertan
Isikhululo sikagesi i-Ertan Hydropower sikwimida yesithili saseYanbian nesaseMiyi kwiSixeko sasePanzhihua, kumzantsi-ntshona wePhondo laseSichuan, eTshayina. Saqala ukwakhiwa ngoSeptemba 1991, iyunithi yokuqala yaqala ukuvelisa umbane ngoJulayi 1998, yaza yagqitywa ngo-2000. Sesona sikhululo sikagesi sikhulu esakhiweyo nesasetyenziswa eTshayina kwinkulungwane yama-20.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-27-2024
