Isikhululo sombane wamanzi sinenkqubo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi, inkqubo yomatshini, kunye nesixhobo sokuvelisa amandla ombane. Yiprojekthi yehabhu yogcino lwamanzi eqonda ukuguqulwa kwamandla emanzini abe ngamandla ombane. Ukuzinza kwemveliso yamandla ombane kufuna ukusetyenziswa okungaphazanyiswa kwamanzi kwizikhululo zombane.
Ngokwakha inkqubo yokugcinwa kombane wamanzi, ukuhanjiswa kwemithombo yamanzi ngexesha kunye nendawo kunokulawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye kutshintshelwe ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwemithombo ye-hydraulic. Ukuze kuguqulelwe ngokusebenzayo amandla amanzi akwidama abe ngamandla ombane, isikhululo sombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kufuneka siphunyezwe ngomatshini womatshini wokwenza umbane wamanzi kunye nenkqubo yombane, equlathe ubukhulu becala imibhobho yokuphambukisa uxinzelelo, iiinjini zomoya, iijenereyitha, kunye nemibhobho yomsila.
1, ICorridor yaMandla ecocekileyo
Ngo-Agasti 11, 2023, iChina Three Gorges Corporation yabhengeza ukuba eyona paseji yamandla ecocekileyo inkulu ehlabathini ineeyunithi zokusebenza ezili-100, nto leyo ebeka umgangatho omtsha wonyaka ngokwenani leeyunithi ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Izikhululo zombane ezintandathu zeWudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, kunye neGezhouba kumjelo ophambili woMlambo iYangtze ukusebenza nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yamandla yoMlambo iYangtze kunye zenza eyona paseji yamandla acocekileyo ehlabathini.
2, izikhululo zombane waseTshayina
1. ISikhululo soMbane waManzi oMbane we-Jinsha e-Baihetan
Ngomhla wesi-3 ku-Agasti, umsitho obanzi wokuqhekeza i-Jinsha River Baihetan Hydropower Station wabanjwa emazantsi omgodi wesiseko sedama. Ngaloo mini, isikhululo sombane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esakhiwa kunye nokufakelwa, i-Baihetan Hydropower Station, yangena kwinqanaba lolwakhiwo olubanzi lweprojekthi enkulu.
Isikhululo soMbane we-Baihetan Hydropower sibekwe kwindawo esezantsi yoMlambo i-Jinsha kwiNqila yaseNingnan, kwiPhondo laseSichuan kunye neQiaojia County, kwiPhondo laseYunnan, kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo we-16 yezigidi ze-kilowatts. Emva kokugqitywa, inokuba sisikhululo sombane sesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweDama leMiwonyo emithathu.
Le projekthi yakhiwe yi-China Three Gorges Corporation kwaye isebenza njengomthombo wamandla osisiseko kwisicwangciso-qhinga sesizwe samandla “se-West East Power Transmission”.
2. Isikhululo soMbane weWudongde
Isikhululo sombane weWudongde Hydropower simi kumlambo iJinsha ekudibaneni kwamaphondo eSichuan naseYunnan. Yeyokuqala izikhululo zombane ezine zamanzi kwicandelo elingaphantsi komhlaba loMlambo iJinsha, ezizezi, iWudongde, iBaihetan Hydropower Station, iXiluodu Hydropower Station, kunye neXiangjiaba Hydropower Station.
Ngentsimbi ye-11:12 kusasa nge-16 kaJuni ngo-2021, iyunithi yokugqibela yeSikhululo soMbane waManzi eWudongde, isikhululo sombane sesixhenxe kwihlabathi kunye nesesine ngobukhulu eTshayina, salugqiba ngempumelelo ulingo lweeyure ezingama-72 lwaza lwadityaniswa kwiGridi yoMbane yaMazantsi, yaqaliswa ngokusesikweni ukuvelisa umbane. Okwangoku, zonke iiyunithi ze-12 ze-Wudongde Hydropower Station ziye zasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane.
IsiKhululo soMbane waManzi iWudongde yiprojekthi yokuqala yokuphehla umbane ngamandla wamanzi eyimega enomthamo we-10 lezigidi zeekhilowathi ethe iTshayina iqalisile ukwakhiwa yaza yaqalisa ukusebenza ukususela kwiNkongolo yeSizwe ye-18 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina. Yiprojekthi exhasayo ebalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwesicwangciso-qhinga “soThutho lwaMandla eNtshona Mpuma” nokwakha inkqubo yamandla ecocekileyo, enekhabhoni ephantsi, ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.
3. Isitishi soMbane wamanzi eShilongba
Isikhululo sombane waseShilongba sesona sikhululo sombane samanzi sokuqala eTshayina. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kweQing Dynasty kwaye yagqitywa kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseTshayina. Yakhiwa yinkunzi yabucala ngelo xesha kwaye ibekwe kwindawo ephezulu yoMlambo iTanglang eHaikou, kwiSithili saseXishan, kwisiXeko saseKunming, kwiPhondo laseYunnan.
4. Isitishi soMbane wamanzi eManwan
IsiKhululo soMbane waManzi eManwan sesona sikhululo soveliso lombane esikhulu esinexabiso eliphezulu, kunye nesikhululo sombane samanzi esisisigidi sokuqala esiphuhliswe kuMlambo iLancang. Umsinga ongasentla siSikhululo soMbane wamanzi eXiaowan, kwaye emazantsi omlambo yiDachaoshan Hydropower Station.
5. Isikhululo sombane waseTianba
ISikhululo samandla ombane saseTianba sikumlambo iChuhe eZhenba County, kwiPhondo laseShaanxi. Iqala kwiSikhululo soMbane saseXianhai kwaye iphele emlonyeni woMlambo iPianxi eZhenba County. Iyeyeprojekthi yodidi oluncinane (1) yodidi lwesine, inqanaba lesakhiwo elingundoqo liyiklasi yesine kwaye inqanaba lesakhiwo esisesekondari liyiklasi yesihlanu.
6. ISikhululo soMbane weeGorge ezintathu
Idama lemiwonyo emithathu, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiProjekthi yeNdawo yoLondolozo lwaManzi yeMiwonyo emithathu okanye iProjekthi yeMiwonyo emithathu, sisikhululo sombane esinezitepusi zombane.
Inxalenye yeXiling Gorge yoMlambo iYangtze, ekwisiXeko saseYichang, kwiPhondo laseHubei, eTshayina, sesona sikhululo sombane samanzi sikhulu ehlabathini kunye neprojekthi yobunjineli enkulu eyakha yakhiwa eTshayina.
ISikhululo soMbane woMbane weeGorha ezintathu samkelwa ukuba sakhiwe yiNkongolo yaBantu yeSizwe ngowe-1992, saqalisa ngokusesikweni ukwakhiwa ngo-1994, saqalisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuveliswa kombane emva kwemini yomhla woku-1 kuJuni, ngo-2003, saza sagqitywa ngo-2009.
Ulawulo lwezandyondyo, ukuveliswa kombane, kunye nokuthumela ngenqanawa zezona nzuzo zithathu zinkulu zeProjekthi yeMiwonyo emithathu, apho ulawulo lwezandyondyo luthathwa njengelona ncedo lungundoqo lweProjekthi yeMiwonyo emithathu.
7. Isikhululo soMbane waManzi eBaishan
Isikhululo sombane waseBaishan sesona sikhululo sombane sikhulu kuMntla-mpuma weTshayina. Yiprojekthi eyenza umbane ubukhulu becala kwaye ineenzuzo ezibanzi zokusetyenziswa ezifana nolawulo lwezandyondyo kunye nokulima emanzini. Yeyona ncopho yokucheba, ummiselo ophindaphindwayo, kunye nomthombo wamandla okhuselekileyo wexesha likaxakeka wenkqubo yamandla yaseMntla-mpuma.
8. Isikhululo soMbane we-Fengman
ISikhululo soMbane we-Fengman, esikuMlambo i-Songhua kwisiXeko saseJilin, kwiPhondo laseJilin, saziwa ngokuba “ngumama wombane wamanzi” kunye “nembeleko yamandla ombane waseTshayina”. Yakhiwa ngexesha lokuhlala kweJapan kuMntla-mpuma weTshayina ngo-1937 kwaye yayisesona sikhululo sombane sikhulu eAsia ngelo xesha.
9. Isikhululo soMbane waManzi eLongtan
ISikhululo soMbane wamanzi eLongtan, esimi kumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-15 phezulu kwiNqila yaseTian'e eGuangxi, yiprojekthi ephawulekayo “yokusasazwa koMbane eNtshona Mpuma”.
10. Isitishi soMbane we-Xiluodu
Isikhululo soMbane we-Xiluodu sibekwe kwicandelo loMwonyo woMlambo i-Jinsha ekudibaneni kweNgingqi yaseLeibo kwiPhondo laseSichuan kunye neNqila yaseYongshan kwiPhondo laseYunnan. Ngomnye wemithombo yamandla omqolo we-China “uThutho lwaMandla oMbane weMpuma”, ingakumbi ukuvelisa umbane, kwaye ineenzuzo ezibanzi ezifana nolawulo lwezandyondyo, ukucanda kwentlenga, kunye nokuphuculwa kweemeko zokuthumela ngenqanawe emazantsi.
11. Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station
Isikhululo sombane we-Xiangjiaba Hydropower simi kumda weSixeko saseYibin, kwiPhondo laseSichuan kunye neSixeko saseShuifu, kwiPhondo laseYunnan, kwaye sisikhululo sombane esikwinqanaba lokugqibela le-Jinsha River Hydropower Base. Ibhetshi yokuqala yeeyunithi zafakwa ekusebenzeni ukuveliswa kombane ngoNovemba wama-2012.
12. Isitishi soMbane wamanzi e-Ertan
Isikhululo samandla ombane i-Ertan simi kumda we-Yanbian kunye ne-Miyi kwiSixeko sase-Panzhihua, kwiPhondo lase-Sichuan kumzantsi-ntshona, e-China. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngoSeptemba 1991, iyunithi yokuqala yaqalisa ukuvelisa umbane ngoJulayi 1998, yaza yagqitywa ngowama-2000. Sesona sikhululo samandla sikhulu esakhiwayo saza sasetyenziswa eTshayina kwinkulungwane yama-20.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2024
