Kutshanje, amazwe amaninzi aye aphakamisa iinjongo zawo zophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo ngokulandelelana. EYurophu, i-Itali inyuse usukelo lwayo lophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo ukuya kuma-64% ngo-2030. Ngokwesicwangciso semozulu namandla sase-Itali esisandula ukuhlaziywa, ngo-2030, usukelo lophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo lwase-Itali luya kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-80 yezigidi zee-kilowatts ukuya kwi-131 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, apho amandla afakelwe yi-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya afikelela kwi-79 yezigidi zee-kilowatts kunye ne-28.1 yezigidi zee-kilowatts ngokwahlukeneyo. I-Portugal inyuse usukelo lwayo lophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo ukuya kuma-56% ngo-2030. Ngokwezinto ezilindelwe ngurhulumente wasePortugal, usukelo lophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo lwelizwe luya kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-27.4 yezigidi zee-kilowatts ukuya kwi-42.8 yezigidi zee-kilowatts ngo-2030. Usulelo olufakelweyo lwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya luya kufikelela kwi-21 yezigidi zee-kilowatts kunye ne-10.4 yezigidi zee-kilowatts ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye usukelo lokufakelwa kweeseli ze-electrolytic luya kwandiswa ukuya kwi-5.5 yezigidi zee-kilowatts. Uphuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo ePortugal kulindeleke ukuba lufune utyalo-mali oluyi-75 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, apho inkxaso-mali iphuma kakhulu kwicandelo labucala.
KuMbindi Mpuma, i-United Arab Emirates isandula ukubhengeza icebo layo lamva nje lamandla esizwe, eliceba ukuphinda kabini imveliso yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe liza kutyala imali emalunga ne-$54.44 yeebhiliyoni kumandla avuselelekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ezikhulayo ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu. Eli cebo likwabandakanya icebo elitsha lamandla e-hydrogen esizwe kunye nokusekwa kwenethiwekhi yesikhululo sokutshaja izithuthi zombane sesizwe, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula imakethi yezithuthi zombane.
E-Asia, urhulumente waseVietnam usandula ukuvuma isicwangciso sophuhliso lwamandla sesibhozo saseVietnam (PDP8). I-PDP8 iquka isicwangciso sophuhliso lwamandla saseVietnam ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2030 kunye nembono yaso ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2050. Ngokuphathelele amandla avuselelekayo, i-PDP 8 iqikelela ukuba umlinganiselo wokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo uya kufikelela kwi-30.9% ukuya kwi-39.2% ngo-2030, kunye ne-67.5% ukuya kwi-71.5% ngo-2050. NgoDisemba ka-2022, iVietnam kunye ne-IPG (amalungu eQela leNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe) bakhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo malunga "noBudlelwane boTshintsho lwaMandla obuLungileyo". Kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ezayo, iVietnam iya kufumana ubuncinane i-$15.5 yeebhiliyoni, eza kusetyenziselwa ukunceda iVietnam ekukhawuleziseni utshintsho lwayo ukusuka kumalahle ukuya kumandla acocekileyo. I-PDP 8 icebisa ukuba ukuba "iFair Energy Transition Partnership" iphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo, inani lokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo eVietnam liza kufikelela kwi-47% ngo-2030. UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho waseMalaysia ubhengeze uhlaziyo kwiinjongo zawo zophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo, ezijolise ekuchazeni malunga ne-70% yesakhiwo sombane sesizwe ngo-2050, ngelixa zisusa imiqobo yorhwebo oluwela imida kumandla avuselelekayo. Injongo yophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo ebekwe yiMalaysia ngo-2021 kukubala i-40% yesakhiwo sombane. Olu hlaziyo luthetha ukuba amandla avuselelekayo afakwe kweli lizwe aza kunyuka ngokuphindwe kalishumi ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2050. UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho waseMalaysia uthe ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo ezintsha zophuhliso, kufuneka utyalo-mali olumalunga ne-143 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika, oluquka iziseko zophuhliso zegridi, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla, kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwenkqubo yenethiwekhi.
Ngokwembono yehlabathi, amazwe aya exabisa ngakumbi kwaye enyusa utyalo-mali lwawo kwicandelo lamandla avuselelekayo, kwaye ukukhula okubonakalayo kuyabonakala. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, iJamani yongeze irekhodi lee-kilowatts ezi-8 zezigidi zamandla elanga nomoya. Iqhutywa kukuveliswa kwamandla omoya olwandle kunye nelanga, amandla avuselelekayo ahlangabezana ne-52% yemfuno yombane yaseJamani. Ngokwesicwangciso samandla sangaphambili saseJamani, ngo-2030, i-80% yamandla ayo iya kuvela kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga, umoya, i-biomass, kunye namandla e-hydropower.
Ngokwengxelo yamva nje evela kwi-International Energy Agency, inkxaso eyongeziweyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-fossil fuel, kunye nokwanda kwengqwalasela kwimiba yokhuseleko lwamandla kuqhuba ukusasazwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nomoya. Ishishini lamandla avuselelekayo kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba likhawulezise uphuhliso ngo-2023, kunye nomthamo omtsha ofakelweyo kulindeleke ukuba unyuke phantse ngesinye kwisithathu ngonyaka, kunye nokufakelwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nomoya kukhula kakhulu. Ngo-2024, umthamo ofakelweyo kwihlabathi liphela ovuselelekayo kulindeleke ukuba unyuke uye kwi-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, kwaye olu lwando lunamandla lwenzeka kwiimarike ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya iYurophu, i-United States, i-India, kunye neTshayina. I-International Energy Agency iqikelela ukuba utyalo-mali lwehlabathi oluyi-$380 yeebhiliyoni luza kuntywiliselwa kwicandelo lamandla elanga kulo nyaka, ludlule utyalo-mali kwicandelo leoyile okokuqala. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2024, umthamo wokuvelisa weshishini le-photovoltaic uza kuphindaphindeka kabini. Ukongeza ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinkulu kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezincinci nazo zibonisa umkhwa wokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwicandelo lamandla omoya, njengoko iiprojekthi zamandla omoya ezazilibaziseka ngaphambili ngexesha lobhubhane ziqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya kwihlabathi liphela kuza kunyuka kakhulu kulo nyaka, kunye nokukhula konyaka malunga nama-70%. Kwangaxeshanye, iindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ezifana nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunye nomoya ziya zisiba phantsi, kwaye amazwe amaninzi ayaqaphela ukuba ukuphuhlisa amandla avuselelekayo akuncedi nje kuphela ekusombululeni utshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa kukwabonelela ngezisombululo ezibalulekileyo zokujongana nemiba yokhuseleko lwamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kusekho umsantsa omkhulu kutyalo-mali lwamandla azinzileyo kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Ukusukela oko kwamkelwe iSivumelwano saseParis ngo-2015, utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe kumandla avuselelekayo luphantse lwaphindwa kabini ngo-2022, kodwa uninzi lwalo lugxile kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Ngomhla wesi-5 kweyeKhala, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo noPhuhliso ikhuphe iNgxelo yoTyalo-mali lweHlabathi ka-2023, eyathi utyalo-mali lwamandla avuselelekayo kwihlabathi ngo-2022 lubonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kusafuneka luphuculwe. Umsantsa wotyalo-mali kwiinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ufikelele ngaphezulu kwe-4 trillion yeedola ngonyaka. Kumazwe asaphuhlayo, utyalo-mali lwawo kumandla azinzileyo lusemva kokukhula kwemfuno. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amazwe asaphuhlayo afuna malunga ne-1.7 trillion yeedola kutyalo-mali lwamandla avuselelekayo ngonyaka, kodwa atsale kuphela i-544 billion yeedola ngo-2022. I-International Energy Agency ikwaveze umbono ofanayo kwiNgxelo yayo yoTyalo-mali lwaMandla eHlabathi ka-2023, isithi utyalo-mali lwamandla acocekileyo kwihlabathi alulingani, kunye nomsantsa omkhulu wotyalo-mali ovela kwiimarike ezisaphuhlayo nakumazwe asaphuhlayo. Ukuba la mazwe awakhawulezisi ukutshintshela kwawo kumandla acocekileyo, imeko yamandla ehlabathi iya kujongana nemisantsa emitsha.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-29-2023
