Izinga eliqhelekileyo lophuhliso lwezixhobo ezincinci zamanzi eTshayina lifikelele kwi-60%, kwaye ezinye iindawo zisondela kwi-90%. Ukuhlola indlela amandla amancinci amanzi anokuthatha inxaxheba ngayo kutshintsho oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla phantsi kwemvelaphi yencopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Umbane omncinci ophuma emanzini udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kombane kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zaseTshayina, ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho noluntu lwasemaphandleni, kunye nokujongana notshintsho lwemozulu. Okwangoku, izinga lophuhliso oluphakathi lwezixhobo ezincinci zombane ophuma emanzini eTshayina lifikelele kwi-60%, kwaye ezinye iindawo zisondela kwi-90%. Ingqwalasela yophuhliso lombane omncinci ophuma emanzini itshintshe ukusuka kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo ukuya ekumbiweni nasekulawulweni kwempahla. Kutshanje, intatheli idlan’ udliwanondlebe noGqr. Xu Jincai, uMlawuli weZiko leMithombo yoMbane elincinci laMazwe ngaMazwe leSebe leMithombo yaManzi kunye noMlawuli weKomiti eKhethekileyo yoMbane ophuma emanzini ye-Chinese Water Conservancy Society, ukuze baphonononge indlela umbane omncinci ophuma emanzini onokuthatha inxaxheba ngayo kutshintsho oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla phantsi kwemvelaphi yencopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Ukuxhasa ukuhlanganiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha engingqini kwigridi
Iindaba Zamandla zaseTshayina: Yeyiphi indima edlalwa ngumbane omncinci wamanzi ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni?
Xu Jincai: Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, amazwe ali-136 ayecebise iinjongo zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, ezigubungela i-88% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kwihlabathi liphela, i-90% ye-GDP, kunye ne-85% yabemi. Imeko iyonke yotshintsho oluluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela kunye notshintsho oluphantsi lwekhabhoni ayinakuthintelwa. I-China ikwacebise ukwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo eqinileyo kunye namanyathelo, ejolise ekufikeleleni phezulu kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside ngo-2030 kwaye izame ukufikelela ekungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.
Ngaphezulu kwama-70% eegesi ezikhutshwayo kwihlabathi liphela zinxulumene namandla. Ingxaki yemozulu ifuna ukuba silawule ngokungqongqo ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezikhutshwayo. I-China yeyona mveliso yamandla kunye nomthengi omkhulu kwihlabathi, ibandakanya malunga ne-1/5 kunye ne-1/4 yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwihlabathi, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zamandla zityebile ngamalahle, azikho kakuhle kwioyile, kwaye ziphantsi kwigesi. Ukuxhomekeka kwangaphandle kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo kudlula ama-70% kunye nama-40% ngokwahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, isantya sophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo eTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje siyabonakala kubo bonke. Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, amandla apheleleyo afakelweyo amandla avuselelekayo ayedlule kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, kwaye amandla avuselelekayo afakelweyo kwihlabathi liphela ayemalunga ne-3.3 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts. Kunokuthiwa ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisithathu samandla afakelweyo amandla avuselelekayo avela eTshayina. Ishishini lamandla acocekileyo laseTshayina lenze inzuzo ephambili kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya ezibalelwa kwi-70% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamandla avuselelekayo ngokuqinisekileyo luya kufuna izixhobo ezingakumbi zolawulo, kwaye iingenelo zolawulo lwamandla avuselelekayo nazo ziya kuba zibonakala ngakumbi. Amandla avuselelekayo yiteknoloji yamandla avuselelekayo evuthwe kakhulu kwaye iya kudlala indima entle ekungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuphendula oku, urhulumente wase-US uceba ukutyala imali eyi-$630 yezigidi ekuphuculeni nasekuphuculeni iiyunithi zamandla avuselelekayo kuzwelonke, ikakhulu egxile ekugcinweni kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Nangona umbane omncinci wamanzi uthatha inxenye encinci kushishino lwamandla ombane eTshayina, usabaluleke kakhulu. Kukho izikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezingaphezu kwe-10000 eTshayina ezinomthamo wokugcina we-100000 cubic metres nangaphezulu, ezizizixhobo zokugcina amandla ezisasazwe ngokukodwa kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ezinokuxhasa umlinganiselo ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwengingqi ngoqhagamshelo lwegridi.
Uphuhliso oluncinci lwamandla ombane ngamanzi kunye nokuhlala ngoxolo kwendalo
Iindaba Zamandla zaseTshayina: Uyibona njani indlela yokuguqula okuluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lwamandla amancinci e-hydropower eTshayina?
Xu Jincai: Kwimeko yencopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, indlela yophuhliso lwamandla amancinci asebenzisa amanzi iye yatshintsha yaya ekuziqhelaniseni nokwakhiwa kweenkqubo ezintsha zamandla kunye nokufezekisa ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo phakathi kophuhliso lwamandla amancinci asebenzisa amanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Isicwangciso sokuSebenza seNcopho yeKhabhoni ngaphambi kowama-2030 sicebisa ngokucacileyo ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso oluluhlaza lwamandla amancinci asebenzisa amanzi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesenzo sokuguqula amandla asebenzisa amanzi ...
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iTshayina yenze imisebenzi emininzi ekuguquleni nasekuphuhliseni umbane omncinci osebenzisa amanzi. Enye yazo kukuguqula ukusebenza kakuhle nokwandisa amandla ombane omncinci osebenzisa amanzi. Urhulumente ophakathi utyale imali eyi-8.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-12, egqibezela ukwandiswa kokusebenza kakuhle nokwandisa amandla kunye nokuhlaziya izikhululo zamanzi zasemaphandleni ezingama-4300. Urhulumente ophakathi utyale imali eyi-4.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-13, egqibezela ukwandiswa nokusebenza kakuhle nokwandisa amandla kunye nokuhlaziya izikhululo zamanzi ezincinci ezingaphezu kwama-2100 kumaphondo angama-22, kunye nokuguqulwa kwendalo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemilambo engaphezu kwe-1300. Ngo-2017, iZiko leMimandla yoMbane elincinci leHlabathi laququzelela ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi ye-"Global Environment Facility" yaseTshayina yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ombane amancinci osebenzisa amanzi, ukwandiswa, kunye notshintsho lwexabiso. Okwangoku, umsebenzi wovavanyo ugqityiwe kwiiprojekthi ezili-19 kumaphondo asi-8, kwaye amava ayashwankathelwa ukuze kwabelwane ngamazwe ngamazwe.
Okwesibini kukucocwa nokulungiswa kombane omncinci osetyenziswa ngamanzi okwenziwa liSebe leMithombo yamanzi ukubuyisela unxibelelwano lomlambo, ukunciphisa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nokulungisa iindawo zomlambo. Ukususela ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2020, iYangtze River Economic Belt yacoca yaza yalungisa izitishi zamanzi ezincinci ezingaphezu kwama-25000, kwaye izitishi zamandla ezingaphezu kwama-21000 zasebenzisa ukuhamba kwendalo ngokwemigaqo kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kumaqonga ahlukeneyo olawulo. Okwangoku, ukucocwa nokulungiswa kwezitishi zamanzi ezincinci ezingaphezu kwama-2800 kwiYellow River Basin kuyaqhubeka.
Okwesithathu kukudala izitishi zamandla okubonisa umbane oluhlaza omncinci. Ukusukela oko kwasekwa izitishi zamandla ombane oluhlaza omncinci ngowama-2017, ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, iTshayina idale izitishi zamandla ombane oluhlaza ezincinci ezingaphezu kwama-900. Kule mihla, utshintsho nophuhliso lombane oluhlaza omncinci luye lwaba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe. Izitishi ezininzi zamandla ombane ezincinci kumaphondo nakwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ziye zalungisa imigangatho yombane oluhlaza omncinci, zaphucula ukukhutshwa kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokubeka esweni ukuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye zasebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kwendalo emilanjeni. Ngokudala iqela lemiboniso yombane oluhlaza omncinci oqhelekileyo, sijolise ekukhawuleziseni uphuhliso oluphezulu lotshintsho oluluhlaza kwiimbombo zemilambo, kwimimandla, kwanakwishishini lamandla ombane amancinci.
Okwesine kukwenza izitishi zamandla ombane ezincinci zibe zezanamhlanje. Okwangoku, izitishi ezininzi zamandla ombane ezincinci zitshintshe indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo nangokungalawulwayo kwesitishi esinye, kwaye ziseka indlela yokusebenza edibeneyo yamaqela ezitishi zamandla ngokwengingqi okanye ngokwesiseko samanzi.
Nceda ekufezekiseni iinjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini"
Iindaba Zamandla zaseTshayina: Ngawaphi amathuba ophuhliso oluluhlaza lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini eTshayina kwixesha elizayo?
Xu Jincai: Ngokubanzi, kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukwakhiwa kombane omncinci wamanzi kwakujoliswe ekuboneleleni ngombane kunye nokufezekisa umbane wasemaphandleni. Utshintsho lwangoku lombane omncinci wamanzi lujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nemiphumo yendalo yesikhululo samandla, kunye nokufezekisa utshintsho oluluhlaza olusemgangathweni ophezulu. Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lombane omncinci wamanzi kwixesha elizayo luya kudlala indima ekhethekileyo kulawulo lokugcina amandla, lunceda ekufezekiseni injongo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini".
Kwixesha elizayo, izitishi zamandla ezincinci ezikhoyo zamanzi zinokuguqulwa zibe ngumbane wamanzi ogcina amanzi ngokumpompa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo angacwangciswanga kwaye kufezekiswe utshintsho oluluhlaza lwamandla amancinci asebenzisa amanzi. Umzekelo, ngoMeyi ophelileyo, emva kokwakhiwa kwakhona kwesitishi samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompa eChunchangba eXiaojin County, kwiSithili sase-Aba, kwiPhondo laseSichuan, kwasekwa ukudityaniswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi e-hydropower + photovoltaic + pumped.
Ukongeza, umbane wamanzi kunye namandla amatsha anokuhambelana okuqinileyo, kwaye izitishi zamanzi ezincinci zineendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuninzi obukhulu, uninzi lwazo aludlali indima entle ekulawuleni ukunikezelwa kombane. Izitishi zamanzi ezincinci zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezincedisayo ezifana nokucheba okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwamaza kunye nokulinda igridi yamandla ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwisityalo samandla esibonakalayo ukuze senze ulawulo olulungelelanisiweyo lokusebenza kunye neentengiselwano zemarike.
Elinye ithuba elingenakulibaleka kukuba amandla ombane adityaniswe nekhadi eliluhlaza, amandla aluhlaza kunye norhwebo lokukhupha iCarbon kuya kudlala indima entsha. Sithatha isatifikethi esiluhlaza samazwe ngamazwe njengomzekelo, ngo-2022, saqalisa uphuhliso lwesatifikethi esiluhlaza samazwe ngamazwe samandla amancinci amdaka. Sikhethe izitishi zamandla ezili-19 kwiLishui Demonstration Zone yeZiko laMandla oMbane elincinci laMazwe ngaMazwe njengemiboniso yophuhliso lwesatifikethi esiluhlaza samazwe ngamazwe, saza sagqiba ubhaliso, ukukhutshwa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwesatifikethi esiluhlaza samazwe ngamazwe ezili-140000 kwiqela lokuqala lezitishi zamandla ezi-6. Okwangoku, phakathi kwazo zonke izatifikethi eziluhlaza zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana namandla omoya, i-photovoltaic, kunye namandla ombane, amandla ombane yiprojekthi enomthamo ophezulu wokukhupha, apho amandla amancinci amdaka ebalelwa malunga ne-23%. Isatifikethi esiluhlaza, umbane oluhlaza kunye norhwebo lokukhupha iCarbon zibonisa amaxabiso okusiNgqongileyo eeprojekthi zamandla amatsha kwaye zinceda ekwenzeni inkqubo yemarike kunye nendlela yexesha elide yokuvelisa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza.
Okokugqibela, ndingathanda ukugxininisa ukuba uphuhliso oluluhlaza lwamandla amancinci aphuma emanzini eTshayina lunokunceda ekuvuseleleni amaphandle. Kulo nyaka, iTshayina iphumeza "iPhulo laMandla oMoya kumawaka eeLali neeDolophu" kunye "nePhulo le-Photovoltaic kumawaka eeKhaya" ukukhuthaza ngokuthe ngcembe uphuhliso lovavanyo lwe-photovoltaics eluphahleni olusasazekileyo kulo lonke isithili, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo emaphandleni, kunye nokwenza ulwakhiwo lovavanyo loguquko lwamandla emaphandleni. Amandla amancinci aphuma emanzini ngamandla avuselelekayo anemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokugcina amandla kunye nokulawula. Ikwayimveliso yendalo ekulula ukuyiqonda inguqu yexabiso kwiindawo zeentaba. Ingakhuthaza utshintsho olucocekileyo noluphantsi lwekhabhoni lwamandla emaphandleni kwaye incede ukuchuma okuqhelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2023
