Amandla ombane asetyenziswa ngamanzi yiteknoloji yesayensi efunda imiba yezobugcisa nezoqoqosho efana nokwakhiwa kobunjineli kunye nolawulo lwemveliso. Amandla amanzi asetyenziswa ekuveliseni umbane ngamanzi ikakhulu ngamandla anokubakho agcinwe emanzini. Ukuze kuguqulwe umbane wamanzi ube ngumbane, kufuneka kwakhiwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikhululo zamanzi.
1. Intshayelelo esisiseko: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kwimilambo, amachibi, njl. Zikwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye zinamandla anokubakho, zihamba ziye kwiindawo eziphantsi kwaye ziguqula amandla anokubakho aqulethwe kuwo abe ngamandla e-kinetic e-turbine yamanzi, esetyenziswa njengamandla okuqhuba i-generator ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Ukusebenzisa amandla e-hydraulic (enentloko yamanzi) ukuqhuba ukujikeleza koomatshini be-hydraulic (i-turbine yamanzi), ukuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini. Ukuba olunye uhlobo loomatshini (i-generator) luqhagamshelwe kwi-turbine yamanzi, lunokuvelisa umbane njengoko i-turbine ijikeleza, kwaye emva koko luguqule amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane. Ngandlela thile, amandla e-hydropower yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla anokubakho amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini, aze abe ngamandla ombane. Ngenxa ye-voltage ephantsi yonikezelo lombane eveliswa zizityalo zamanzi, ukuba iza kudluliselwa kubasebenzisi abakude, kufuneka inyuswe ngee-transformers, ize idluliselwe kwizikhululo ezikwiindawo ezixineneyo zabasebenzisi ngemigca yokuhambisa umoya, ekugqibeleni incitshiswe ibe yi-voltage efanelekileyo kubasebenzisi basekhaya nakwizixhobo zombane zefektri, ize idluliselwe kwiifektri ezahlukeneyo nakumakhaya ngemigca yokusasaza. 2、 Umgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi kukusebenzisa ukwehla kwamanqanaba amanzi ukusebenzisana nejenereyitha yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula amandla anokubakho amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini e-hydraulic turbine, uze usebenzise amandla oomatshini ukuqhuba ijenereyitha ukuze ifumane amandla ombane. Izazinzulu zisebenzise ngempumelelo iimeko zendalo ezifana nobunjineli bokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nefiziksi yoomatshini ngokusebenzisa amanqanaba amanzi anciphayo. Kwaye zihambelana ngononophelo ukuze zifumane ukuveliswa kombane okuphezulu kwabantu ukuze basebenzise umbane ongabizi kwaye ongenangcoliseko. Amanqanaba amanzi aphantsi, kwelinye icala, afunxa ukukhanya kwelanga aze ajikeleze ngoLwesihlanu loMhlaba, ngaloo ndlela ebuyisela imithombo yamanzi ephezulu.
Okwangoku, ubungakanani bamandla ombane wamanzi buyahluka ukusuka kumashumi aliqela eewatts ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zeLizwe Lesithathu ukuya kwizigidi ezininzi zeewatts ezisetyenziselwa umbane kwizixeko ezikhulu. 3. Iintlobo eziphambili zihlulwe ngokwehla okuxiniweyo, kubandakanya izitishi zamanzi zohlobo lwedama, izitishi zamanzi zohlobo lwe-diversion, izitishi zamanzi ezixutyiweyo, izitishi zamandla olwandle, kunye nezitishi zamandla okugcina amanzi ezipompelweyo. Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lolawulo lokugeleza kwamanzi, nokuba kukho izitishi zamanzi ezilawulayo okanye akunjalo. Ngokwendalo yomthombo wamanzi, ngokubanzi ibizwa ngokuba sisitishi samandla ombane esiqhelekileyo, esisebenzisa imilambo yendalo, amachibi, kunye neminye imithombo yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Izitishi zamandla ombane wamanzi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindawo eziphakamileyo (ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-70), iindawo eziphakathi (iimitha ezili-15-70), kunye neendawo eziphantsi (ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-15) ngokusekelwe kwintloko yazo yokusetyenziswa. Ngokwendlela efakiweyo yamandla ombane wamanzi, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindawo ezinkulu, eziphakathi, nezincinci zamanzi. Ngokubanzi, izikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci ezinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphantsi kwee-kilowatts ezingama-5000 zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zamandla ombane ezincinci, ezo zinamandla ofakelweyo ophakathi kwee-kilowatts ezingama-5000 kunye ne-100000 zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zamandla ombane eziphakathi, kwaye ezo zinamandla ofakelweyo ongaphezu kwee-kilowatts ezili-100000 zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zamandla ombane ezinkulu okanye izikhululo zamandla ombane ezinkulu. 4, I-Advantage hydropower ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo ongapheliyo nohlaziyekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla endalo endalo ngempumelelo, kuyimfuneko ukwakha izakhiwo ze-hydraulic ngesandla ezinokugxininisa ukuhla kokuhamba kwamanzi nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ezinje ngamadama, imibhobho yokujika, kunye nee-culverts. Ke ngoko, utyalo-mali lweprojekthi lukhulu kwaye umjikelo wokwakha mde. Kodwa ukuveliswa kombane ngamanzi kusebenza kakuhle, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane eziphantsi, ukuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kweyunithi, kunye nokulungiswa okulula. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kokuhamba kwamanzi endalo, kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ziimeko zendalo. Amandla ombane adla ngokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yamanzi, okwenza inkqubo epheleleyo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngenqanawa, ukulima iintlanzi, ukunkcenkceshela, ulawulo lwezikhukula, ukhenketho, njl. Amandla ombane ahlaziyiweyo ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo onempembelelo encinci kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukongeza ekunikezeni umbane ongabizi kakhulu, ikwanazo nezi nzuzo zilandelayo: ukulawula izikhukula, ukubonelela ngamanzi okunkcenkceshela, ukuphucula ukuhamba ngemilambo, kunye nokuphucula ezothutho, umbane, kunye noqoqosho kulo mmandla, ingakumbi ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho kunye nokufuywa kweentlanzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-26-2023
